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THE    TOASTS    AND    RESPONSES 

AT  A  COMPLIMENTARY  DINNER  GIVEN  BY  WALTER  S.  LOGAN,  AT  THE  MARINE 
AND   FIELD  CLUB,   BATH   BEACH,   N.  Y.,  TUESDAY,  JULY  28th,   1891 

TO 

HON.    JOHN     N.     IRWIN 

Governor  of  Arizona 

AND 

HKRBKRT     H.     LOOAN 

Of  Phcenix,  Arizona 


PS14 


gp>Ga«l^0p^ 


Walter  S.  Logan, 

Of  New  York. 

Hon.  John  N.  Irwin, 

Governor  of  Arizona. 


The  State-Makers." 
"Arizona." 
*'  Irrigation." 


Herbert  H.  Logan, 

Of  Phoenix,  Arizona. 

Hon.  Joseph  C.  Hendrix,    .     *' The  West  as  an  Easterner  looks  at  it." 
Of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Hon.  J.  DeBarth  Shore,         .  .  "Arizona's  Elder  Sister." 

Of  California.  » 

St.  Clair  McKelway, 

Of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


"Irrigation  and  the  Press." 


Hon.  Thomas  M.  Waller, 

Diaiti^^c^yftfej^Jatarnet  Archive 

Horace  E.  Dy3iiS9P7  With  fundinghlrefljyer  as  a  Business  Man. 

Of  iMNi€T@soft  Corporation 


Lindley  Vinton,     . 

Of  New  York. 

Hon.  John  DeWitt  Warner, 
Of  New  York. 

Salter  S.  Clark,     . 

Of  New  York. 

Charles  N.  Judson, 

Of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


"The  Mines  of  the  West." 

Legislation  for  the  Territories." 

"Promoting  as  a  Fine  Art." 

"Bear  Valley." 

"The  Gila  Monster." 


Prof.  G.  A.  Treadwell, 

Of  New  York. 
(Owing  to  the  lateness  of  the  hour,  several  of  the  speakers  were  not  called  upon 
but  have  kindly  furnished  their  intended  replies  to  the  toasts.) 


http://www.archive.org/details/arizonasomeofherOOIogarich 


mi 


*^  THE  STATE-MAKERSr 

BY 

WALTER  S.  LOGAN. 

The  Children  of  Israel  found  it  simple  enough  to  make  bricks  as 
long  as  they  had  free  raw  material.  It  was  only  when  the  supplies  of 
straw  were  cut  off,  and  they  were  required  to  make  something  out  of 
nothing,  that  they  complained  so  bitterly  of  their  lot. 

It  has  been  easy  enough  to  found  new  Staktes  where  a  country  and  a 
people  have  been  furnished  ready-made  for  that  purpose.  In  the  old 
world  and  in  the  new,  in  ancient  and  in  modern  times,  it  has  been  often 
and  successfully  done. 

But  the  problem  before  the  pioneers  who  undertook  to  settle  our  far 
Western  country,  to  establish  a  civilization,  and  rear  the  structures  of  new 
States  for  the  American  Union  in  that  then  remote  and  inaccessible 
region,  was  a  very  different  one.  The  settlement  of  the  prairies  and 
of  the  Mississippi  Valley  had  been  easy  enough.  The  land  was  already 
there,  and  it  was  a  land  upon  which  nature  had  smiled  abundantly. 
It  was  necessary  only  to  find  the  people  and  to  mould  them  into  the 
requisite  social  and  political  organizations ;  and  the  people  came  only 
too  gladly — some  from  the  older-settled  portions  of  our  nation,  and  more 
yet  from  Ireland,  Germany,  England,  France,  Italy,  Scandinavia,  from 
the  shores  of  Europe  everywhere,  and  from  all  the  fountain-heads  of 
civilization.  But  when  our  State-makers  passed  beyond  the  influence  of 
the  moisture-laden  breezes  of  the  Atlantic  and  approached  the  Eastern 
base  of  the  Rockies,  and  from  there  on,  almost  until  the  spray  of  the 
Pacific  touched  them  \  when  they  came  into  the  region  where  the  rain 
descended  with  like  impartiality,  neither  upon  the  just  nor  the  unjust ; 
when  they  reached  the  mountain  and  the  desert ;  a  much  more  difficult 
task  awaited  them — they  were  furnished  with  neither  country  nor  people. 
Like  the  Children  of  Israel,  their  bricks  had  to  be  made  entirely  without 


THE  state-makers: 


straw.  Here  was  more  than  one-third  of  our  whole  national  domain  in 
which  the  Almighty  seemed  never  to  have  finished  His  work.  It  was  a 
part  of  the  earth's  surface,  and  that  was  about  all  that  could  be  said  of  it. 
(Laughter.)  So  far  as  capacity  to  produce  and  sustain  life  was  concerned, 
as  it  then  stood,  it  was  little  better  than  so  much  of  the  blue  sky  of 
heaven.  They  had  not  only  to  find  people  for  their  States,  but  to  create 
the  very  land  itself. 

There  is  no  other  race  than  ours  that  would  have  dared  to  undertake 
this  task  or  tried  to  solve  this  problem.  There  is  no  other  nation  than 
ours  where  it  would  have  been  possible.  There  are  no  other  institutions 
than  ours  under  which  it  could  have  been  done.  But  the  State-makers 
of  the  far  West  were  men  undaunted  by  difficulties,  fearless  of  danger, 
and  fertile  in  resources.  The  wild  beast  roamed  over  this  inhospitable 
country ;  they  slew  him.  The  wilder  and  fiercer  Indian  was  there ;  they 
converted  him,  (laughter) — sometimes  alive,  oftener  dead.  The  land 
was  remote  from  civilization,  inaccessible  to  markets,  cut  off  from  the 
world ;  they  built  railroads  through  the  mountain  passes,  and,  where 
necessary,  over  their  very  summits.  It  was  a  desert  with  a  rainfall  totally 
insufficient  to  produce  any  useful  vegetation  ;  they  penned  up  the  streams 
in  the  mountains,  and  led  them  out  over  the  valleys  and  the  bottoms ; 
they  bored  their  wells  into  the  earth,  and  sometimes  even  pumped  from 
the  seas,  the  bays  and  the  rivers,  and  thus,  where  nature  had  failed  to 
furnish  water  from  above,  they  obtained  it  from  below ;  and  in  ways  like 
these  they  have  made,  and  are  making  a  large  part  of  Colorado,  Cali- 
fornia, New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  and  almost  the  whole  of  the  valleys  of 
the  Rio  Grande,  the  Colorado,  the  Gila  and  the  Salt  rivers,  the  most 
fertile  and  productive  land  and  the  most  charming  country  to  live  in  upon 
the  face  of  the  earth.  Where  it  was  too  high,  too  barren  or  too  rugged 
to  irrigate,  they  dug  into  the  mountains  and  uncovered  the  boundless 
stores  of  gold  and  silver  and  copper  and  all  the  precious  things  of  the 
earth  that  had  been  there  hidden  since  the  world  began.  And  now, 
having  shown  how  the  desert  will  blossom,  having  got  land-making  well 
under  way,  and  having  disclosed  the  wealth  that  the  earth  has  in  its  bowels 
as  well  as  on  its  surface,  they  call  for  people,  and  the  work  of  State- 
making  in  the  mountain  and  the  desert  goes  vigorously  on. 


WALTER  S.   LOGAN. 


And  the  people  are  coming,  and  a  better  class  of  people  than  are 
now  settling  up  these  desert  regions  could  not  be  found.  When  men 
such  as  we  have  here  to-night — men  like  Gov.  Irwin  and  Mr.  Shorb  and 
Hine  and  Hatch  and  that  wayward  brother  of  mine,  who  will  be  one  of 
the  speakers  to  follow  me — picture  the  charms  of  the  country  they  have 
literally  made,  and  ask  for  people  to  inhabit  it,  they  are  sure  to  get  a  most 
satisfactory  response;  and  our  brick-makers  without  straw,  and  State- 
makers  with  neither  land  nor  people,  are  succeeding  far  beyond  what, 
twenty  years  ago,  the  most  pronounced  optimist,  in  his  wildest  dreams, 
would  have  dared  to  predict.     (Applause.) 

My  own  share  in  this  great  work  has  been  a  very  modest  one,  but  it 
is  the  work  and  not  the  i?ian  that  is  modest,  (laughter,)  and  I  don't  want 
to  have  you  lose  sight  of  what  even  I  have  done. 

It  is  now  ten  years  since  first  I  looked  upon  Arizona  (and  in  the 
career  of  these  energetic  State-makers  of  ours,  ten  years  is  a  long  time). 
It  was  before  Irwin  or  Hatch  or  Hine  or  even  that  brother  of  mine  had 
ever  heard  of  it,  unless  possibly  they  had  read  in  their  geographies  that 
there  was,  somewhere  between  Colorado  and  California,  an  unexplored 
and  probably  unexplorable  region  which  had  come  to  be  called  Arizona 
because  they  were  short  of  names  and  didn't  have  any  other  to  give 
it.  (Laughter.)  It  was  before  Shorb  and  his  compatriots  had  made 
Southern  California  the  fruit-producing  country  of  the  world,  and  it  was 
before  Cowing  and  Stebbins  and  Barnes  and  Bleecker  and  Sanderson  and 
Mallett  and  Rait  and  Wreaks  and  a  lot  of  other  good  fellows  had  created 
the  Marine  and  Field  Club,  (laughter,)  the  best  place  on  earth  in  which 
to  entertain  distinguished  guests  from  the  arid  West.     (Applause.) 

I  think  I  am  entitled  to  be  called  a  pioneer  in  Arizona.  I  am  ahead 
of  everybody  here  except  Treadwell ;  and  I  probably  should  have  found 
the  Gila  Monster  myself  if  Treadwell  had  been  half  as  modest  as  he  should 
have  been,  and  not  wanted  the  whole  earth  in  the  way  of  scientific  dis- 
covery. 

It  was  in  the  (to  me)  memorable  month  of  May,  1882,  when  in  com- 
pany with  P>ederick  A.  Tritle,  then  Governor  of  Arizona,  and  as  good  a 
fellow  as  he  was  a  great  Governor  [Arizona  has  a  habit  of  getting  good 
fellows  for  Governors  (applause)],  and  with  Clark    Churchill,  then  the 


THE  STATE-MAKERS} 


Attorney  General  of  the  Territory,  and  the  best  lawyer  within  a  thousand 
miles  of  it,  and  with  other  men  of  the  sort,  that  I  rode  up  and  down  the 
whole  length  of  the  Salt  River  valley,  over  the  line  on  which  has  since 
been  constructed  the  great  Arizona  Canal,  and  saw,  every  now  and  then, 
under  the  small  ditches  already  built,  their  orchards  and  their  gardens, 
their  fields  and  their  storehouses,  and  all  that  Arizona  even  then,  in  the 
earliest  dawn  of  her  renewed  youth  and  with  her  very  limited  develop- 
ment, could  produce  in  such  prodigal  profusion.  It  was  a  little  later  that 
Churchill  and  I  formulated  the  economic  plan  under  which  it  became 
possible  to  build  irrigating  canals  in  Arizona  with  outside  capital,  as  an 
investment  for  profit,  and  organized  the  Arizona  Canal  Company  to  begin 
the  work;  and  it  was  clients  of  mine  in  the  East  and  friends  of  William 
J.  Murphy  in  the  West  who  furnished  the  money  to  build  it,  and  made 
three  hundred  per  cent,  on  their  investment. 

But  that  isn't  all  the  title  I  have  to  Arizona's  gratitude.  I  wasn't 
able  to  follow  exactly  in  the  steps  of  Abraham  and  sacrifice  my  son  as 
he  proposed  to  sacrifice  his,  for  I  hadn't  a  son  old  enough  to  sacrifice, 
and  he  hadn't  a  mother  who  would  have  let  me  do  it  if  he  had  been; 
(laughter,)  but  I  had  a  brother,  (laughter,)  and  I  sent  him  forth  from  his 
home,  from  his  kindred  and  from  his  country,  out  among  the  Arkansas 
rangers,  the  Apaches,  the  Gila  Monsters  and  the  rattlesnakes,  to  take 
his  chance  in  the  survival  of  the  fittest  (laughter)  ;  and  unless  you 
Arizona  men  have  lied  to  me  most  atrociously  about  him,  I  did  a 
tolerably  good  thing  for  the  territory  when  I  sent  him  there.  They  tell 
me  that  his  disease  is  Irrigation  on  the  Brain,  and  that  he  has  been  so 
successful  in  reclaiming  deserts  in  this  world  that  if  I  am  not  careful 
he  will  be  on  here  some  day  with  a  plan  for  irrigating  Hell,  and  upset  the 
whole  scheme  of  orthodox  Christianity  by  making  the  devil's  kingdom 
the  more  attractive  of  the  two.      (Laughter  and  applause.) 

But  after  all,  you  State-makers  of  the  desert,  you  needn't  be  so 
awfully  proud.  It  really  isn't  new  States  you  are  making:  you  are  only 
patterning  after  men  who  did  just  what  you  are  doing,  who  lived  and 
died,  who  irrigated  and  cultivated,  who  built  temples  and  cities,  and 
who  founded  a  civilization  and  were  exterminated  from  the  face  of  the 
earth  probably  before  the  first  pyramid  of  Egypt  had  ever  been  thought  of. 


WALTER    S.    LOGAN. 


Some  years  ago,  when  the  great  and  only  Tritle  was  governor  of 
Arizona,  he  came  East  and  visited  his  native  Massachusetts,  and  they 
gave  him  a  dinner  in  Boston.  Boston  knows  how  to  give  a  dinner,  and 
Tritle  knew  how  to  take  one.  They  didn't  have  any  Marine  and  Field 
Club  there,  but  they  had  Parker's.  They  didn't  have  Irwin  to  make  a 
speech,  but  Tritle  could  make  one  almost  as  good.  They  didn't  have 
Deshon,  and  Shorb,  and  Hale,  and  Hendrix,  and  Waller,  and  McKelway, 
and  the  other  good  fellows  that  we  have  here  to-night,  but  they  had 
Bullock  who  was  then  Governor  there,  and  he  was  a  host  in  himself. 

The  first  toast  of  the  evening  came  round.  It  was,  "  The  Governor 
of  the  Oldest  Commonwealth  to  the  Youngest,"  Gov.  Bullock  to  respond. 
Tritle  was  a  man  who  never  got  left,  and  while  Bullock  was  fussing  with 
his  spectacles  Tritle  himself  rose  to  respond,  and  in  a  very  charming  manner 
and  in  the  most  felicitous  language  he  thanked  the  grave,  reverend  and 
astonished  Bostonians  for  the  honor  they  had  done  Arizona  in  calling  on 
him  as  the  representative  of  the  oldest  Commonwealth  of  the  nation  to 
welcome  the  Governor  of  the  young  State  of  Massachusetts ;  and  then  he 
showed  how  Arizona  had  a  population,  a  civilization,  a  government  and  a 
Statehood  long  before  even  the  first  wild  Indian  roamed  through  the 
bleak  forests  of  New  England.     (Laughter  and  applause.) 

And  Tritle  was  right.  As  you  know,  men  of  science  are  coming 
more  and  more  to  give  credit  to  the  story  of  Atlantis.  It  is  supposed 
that  a  body  of  land  once  extended  east  from  Mexico  and  Central  America 
far  over  toward  the  coast  of  Africa,  and  that  by  some  operation  of  nature  it 
has  been  sunk  below  the  waves.  This  was  the  fabled  Atlantis ;  and  there 
is  a  good  deal  to  support  the  theory  that  the  birthplace  of  the  human 
race  was  either  somewhere  about  Yucatan,  a  thousand  miles  or  so  south  of 
Arizona,  or,  more  likely,  on  Atlantis  itself;  and  that  civilization  went 
from  there  to  Egypt  on  the  east,  and  on  the  north  to  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico,  first,  and  afterwards  to  our  Mississippi  valley,  where  the  mound- 
builders  have  left  such  abundant  record  of  their  existence.  But  whether 
we  accept  the  story  of  Atlantis  or  not,  whether  civilization  on  our 
continent  is  older  or  younger  than  in  Egypt,  India  and  Asia  Minor, 
it  is  quite  probable — I  think  I  may  say,  in  view  of  the  most  recent  dis- 
coveries, it  is  certain — that  the  first  civilization  within  the  present  limits 


«  THE  state-makers: 


of  the  United  States  was  in  the  valleys  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  the  Gila ; 
and  Massachusetts  and  New  York  are  really  but  puny  infants  by  the  side 
of  hoary-headed  Arizona.  (Applause.)  And  not  only  was  the  civiliza- 
tion of  the  Gila  Valley  most  ancient  in  the  time,  but  the  ruins  which 
we  find  of  temples  and  cities,  of  irrigating  systems  and  of  works  of  art, 
show  that  it  was  a  civilization  of  a  very  high  order ;  and  you  irrigators 
of  1 89 1,  who  are  boasting  that  you  are  reclaiming  deserts  and  making 
gardens  where  God  made  only  waste  places,  are  simply  doing  over  again 
that  which  these  men  who  perished  long  before  the  dawn  of  the  earliest 
Aztec,  or  even  of  the  still  more  remote  Toltec,  civilization  on  this  con- 
tinent did  almost  as  well  as  you. 

Will  your  State  perish  as  theirs  did  ?  I  think  not.  I  have  con- 
fidence enough  in  your  State-making  to  believe  that  it  will  last,  that  it 
will  last  as  long  as  our  planet  lasts,  and  that  you  are  building  for  all  time. 
You  have  what  those  who  went  before  you  could  not  have.  You  have 
the  advantage  of  all  that  the  world  has  learned  and  all  that  the  world  has 
done  from  their  time  to  yours.  You  may  build  your  canals  on  the  same 
lines  on  which  they  built  theirs ;  you  may  use  the  world-famed  adobe, 
as  they  did,  as  the  material  for  your  structures ;  you  may  raise  the  same 
crops  from  the  same  soil  and  with  the  same  methods  of  irrigation,  but 
the  most  important  part  of  a  State  is  not  its  railways  or  its  canals,  its 
buildings  or  its  systems  of  irrigation,  its  temples  or  its  cities — it  is  its 
people.  (Applause.)  The  State  which  is  to  last  must  be  built  upon 
knowledge  and  upon  character ;  and  the  blood  that  flows  in  the  veins  of 
the  people  whom  you  are  summoning  from  all  parts  of  the  civilized  earth 
to  your  valleys  and  your  mountains  has  been  purified  and  ennobled  by 
hundreds  of  the  generations  who  have  passed  away  and  left  their  mark 
behind  since  the  time  of  these  ancient  mound-builders ;  and  the  brain 
and  the  nervous  system  of  your  people  have  been  clarified  and  evolved, 
not  only  by  the  knowledge  which  they  themselves  have  acquired,  but 
still  more  by  that  which  they  have  inherited  from  the  acquirements  of 
their  ancestors  during  untold  centuries. 

At  the  beginning  I  compared  you  to  the  Children  of  Israel,  who 
had  to  make  bricks  without  straw.  Perhaps  I  was  inaccurate.  Your 
land,  it  is  true,  was  a  desert  which,  as  it  stood,  would  produce  nothing, 


WALTER    S.    LOGAN. 


but  you  had  your  Rio  Grande,  your  Gila  and  your  Colorado,  mighty  and 
noble  rivers,  which,  like  the  Nile,  carried  untold  wealth  in  their  waters  • 
and  you  had  a  world  of  a  far  wider  knowledge  and  a  far  more  extended 
civilization  than  the  world  of  old  from  which  to  draw  the  men  and  the 
women  with  whom  you  were  to  people  the  States  that  you  were  building. 
It  is  stricter  truth  to  say  that  you  are  entitled  to  the  gratitude  of  mankind, 
not  because  you  made  the  straw  but  because  you  found  it — because  you 
led  the  way  and  discovered  how  to  use  the  wealth  of  these  waters  for  the 
benefit  of  this  modern  world,  and  to  draw  to  your  land  the  culture  and 
intelligence  of  the  people  who  are  coming  in  answer  to  your  call.  I  don't 
know  as  that  -modification  detracts  at  all  from  your  honor  or  your  glory. 
We  are  proud  of  you,  Brother  State-makers,  and  bid  you  Godspeed 
in  your  great  work ;  and  I  assure  you  whenever  it  becomes  necessary,  in 
order  to  carry  out  your  plans  for  the  reclamation  of  the  American  Desert, 
that  the  Marine  and  Field  Club  should  give  another  dinner  to  the 
Governor  of  Arizona  or  to  any  other  fellow  like  him,  we  are  willing  to 
sacrifice  ourselves  on  the  altar  of  our  country,  even  though  the  Steward 
does  compel  us  to  confine  our  libations  strictly  to  American  wines. 
(Laughter  and  applause.) 


''Arizona:' 


Hon.  JOHN  N.  IRWIN. 

I  regret  that  some  one  more  able  than  I  has  not  been  asked  to 
respond  to  the  toast  of  Arizona. 

About  the  year  1846,  in  the  United  States  Senate,  in  a  debate  pre- 
cedent to  the  admission  of  Iowa  into  the  Union  as  a  State,  some  of  that 
great  body  asked  that  the  western  line  of  Iowa  be  drawn  north  and  south 
through  a  point  about  where  the  town  of  Red  Oak,  Montgomery  County, 
Iowa,  now  stands ;  the  basis  for  their  argument  being  that  west  of  this 
imaginary  line  was  a  desert.  At  the  Centennial  Exposition  in  1876,  a 
boring  of  earth  from  Red  Oak,  Iowa,  was  awarded  the  premium  as  the 
most  fertile  soil  on  exhibition  there ;  and  yet  this  boring  was  taken  from 
what  a  great  number  of  the  members  of  the  United  States  Senate  supposed 
was  a  desert.  I  speak  of  this  not  to  hold  up  the  United  States  Senate  as 
to  what  it  did  not  know,  but  to  show  you  how  intelligent  people  can  be, 
and  are,  mistaken  regarding  countries  of  which  they  have  only  a  superficial 
knowledge.  It  is  a  fair  question  to  ask  me,  when  I  stand  here  advocating 
the  fertility  of  Arizona,  why  this  fertile  soil  is  not  maintaining  its  hun- 
dreds of  thousands.  The  question  is  just,  but  when  I  say  to  you  that  the 
American  people  now  ride  in  Wagner  and  Pullman  Palace  Cars,  only; 
that  the  day  of  the  stage-coach  and  the  ox-team  is  passed  ;  that  our  people 
are  more  dainty  than  their  grandfathers ;  and  when  I  say  to  you  in  this 
connection,  that  Arizona  is  greater  in  extent  than  all  of  New  England, 
with  all  of  New  York  combined,  and  has  only  iioo  miles  of  railroad,  you 
knowing  this,  and  knowing  the  luxurious  habit  of  the  American  people, 
will  quickly  understand  why  the  sons  of  America  remain  in  New  York,  in 
Chicago  and  in  Boston,  rather  than  encounter  the  roughness  of  the  desert. 


HON.   JOHN  N    IRWIN.  II 

We  are  told  that  Arizona  is  the  land  of  ihe  desert,  the  cacti,  the 
rattlesnake,  the  gila  monster,  and  the  Apache  Indian.  This  is  true,  we 
have  them  all,  and  yet  the  smallest  county  in  Arizona  could  contain 
within  its  capacious  borders  the  largest  ten  counties  known  in  the  State 
of  New  York,  and  a  man  could  be  a  resident  of  any  part  of  Arizona  from 
his  cradle  to  his  grave  and  never  see  a  poisonous  reptile  any  oftener  than 
if  his  life  was  spent  on  Manhattan  Island.  (Laughter.)  The  Indian  is  there, 
but  he  is  on  the  reservation  provided  for  him  by  the  Government,  and  is, 
on  the  whole,  fairly  kept  within  its  lines.  Sometimes  he  breaks  out  and 
becomes  what  is  known  as  a  Mug-Wump.  The  Indian  who  leaves  the 
reservation  is  the  original  Mug-Wump.  (Great  laughter  and  applause.) 
It  is  the  Mug-Wump  Indian  that  causes  us  all  the  trouble.  (Laughter.) 
To  the  miner,  prospector,  rancher,  life  is  just  as  safe  as  it  is  here  in  the 
State  of  New  York.  I  venture  the  assertion,  knowing  that  what  I  say 
will  be  deemed  a  strong  statement,  with  the  possibility  that  what  I  say 
may  be  accused  by  gentlemen  here  in  the  East  of  having  a  tinge  of  the 
irresponsible  and  the  untrue, — yet  I  make  the  statement  in  its  broadest 
and  strongest  meaning,  that  life  in  the  Territory  of  Arizona,  in  its  towns, 
its  villages,  and  its  farm  life,  is  safer  to-day  than  life  in  the  City  of  New 
York.  With  our  population,  speaking  in  its  comparative  sense,  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Arizona,  despite  the  fact  that  you  consider  it  beyond  the  borders 
of  civilization,  has  to-day  a  smaller  percentage  of  its  population  in  the 
penitentiary  than  the  State  of  New  York.  The  gila  monster,  the  rattle- 
snake, the  centipede,  the  tarantula  and  other  reptiles  that  are  used  in  fun, 
in  fiction,  and  in  earnest,  by  the  Arizona  Kicker  and  other  Eastern  papers, 
to  frighten  away  the  settler  from  that  country,  are  as  much  of  a  jest 
among  the  real  settlers  of  Arizona  as  is  the  sea-serpent  to  the  real  sailor 
going  out  from  the  port  of  New  York.  The  life  that  can  be  led,  and  is 
led,  by  the  American  man  and  woman,  by  the  American  family,  in 
Arizona,  in  its  mountains,  or  in  its  valleys,  is  just  as  pure,  just  as  sweet, 
as  is  the  life  of  any  American  family  living  in  New  York  or  New  England. 

Arizona  is  as  large  as  are  New  England  and  the  State  of  New  York 
combined.  Imagine  this  great  extent  of  territory  in  a  compact  state; 
500  miles  north  and  south ;  over  400  miles  east  and  west,  having  only 
iiDo  miles  of  railroad  within  its  borders.     It  is  this  fact,  this  want  of 


12  "  ARIZONA: 


transportation  facilities  that  makes  the  Territory  of  Arizona  to-day  the 
least  known  of  all  the  possessions  of  the  United  States.  The  American  of 
to-day  has  lost  the  habit  of  his  grandfather.  He  is  not  now  the  frontiers- 
man; he  believes  in  the  axminster  carpet,  the  electric  light,  the  service 
and  the  servant  of  our  so-called  modern  civilization.  That  is  the  reason 
why  you  know  so  little  of  Arizona.  The  race  of  Daniel  Boone  and  of 
Crocket  has  changed.  Not  but  what  it  is  the  same  all-conquering  and 
robber  race,  but  it  does  its  robbing  in  the  great  offices  of  the  world,  of 
England  and  America,  or  from  the  elegance  of  a  parlor  car,  instead  of  at 
the  muzzle  of  the  old-fashioned  rifle.  Were  it  not  for  these  facts  Arizona 
to-day  would  have  a  population  of  1,000,000  people,  as  it  will  have  fifty 
years  from  now.  Like  the  good  old  Methodist  preacher  that  follows  the 
circuit  rider  of  the  trail-wagon,  so  does  the  hardy  pioneer  of  the  west 
follow  and  settle  up  the  coming  countries  of  the  frontier,  while  the  mis- 
sionaries of  Wall  Street  follow  on  the  trail  of  the  Pullman  car.   (Laughter.) 

I  will  tell  you  what  we  have:  In  the  first  place,  there  is  not  a 
mountain  in  Arizona  that  does  not  contain  the  precious  metal.  From 
Mohave,  Yavapai  and  Coconino  in  the  north,  down  to  Pinal,  Yuma, 
Pima  and  Cochise  in  the  south,  a  belt  of  gold  and  silver  runs,  richer  by 
far  than  ever  found  in  the  mines  of  the  fabled  Ormus,  or  of  Ind.  The 
traveller  is  never  out  of  sight  of  a  mountain  in  Arizona  ;  and  in  those  great 
hills,  with  proper  transportation  facilities,  we  have  the  gold,  the  silver  and 
the  copper  that  would  pave  the  streets  of  Manhattan  Island  from  curb  to 
curb.     (Applause.) 

It  is  terrible  that  all  the  gentlemen  within  the  sound  of  my  voice  to- 
night do  not  believe  in  silver,  as  it  is  believed  in  on  the  Pacific  Slope ; 
but  I  merely  throw  this  remark  out  as  a  passing  suggestion ;  that,  as  all 
men  east  and  west  are  perfectly  willing  to  make  the  Legislature  control 
the  price  of  what  they  raise,  therefore,  is  it  singular  that  I,  coming  from 
the  mountains,  streaked  upon  their  sides  with  gold,  and  silver,  and 
copper,  should  ask  that  at  least  proper  legislation  would  only  be  fair  for 
the  man  who,  by  the  labor  of  his  hands  and  the  sweat  of  his  brow,  pours 
into  your  coffers  here  the  white  metal  of  commerce.  But,  outside  of  the 
domain  of  the  law-maker,  the  fact  still  remains,  that  within  the  borders 
of  Arizona  have  existed,  and  still  exist,  the  greatest  mines  known  in  the 


HON.  JOHN  N  IRWIN  13 


history  of  the  world.  From  a  plot  of  God's-acre  in  that  territory,  1,500 
feet  long  and  600  feet  wide,  has  come  gold  and  silver  enough  to  buy 
your  Central  Park  ;  and  to-day,  in  that  broad  land,  are  being  worked 
mines  that  you  never  heard  of — which  are  never  quoted  on  the  Stock 
Market — that  net  their  owners  an  income  ranging  from  ^^5,000  to  ^^50,000 
per  annum,  and  yet  these  mines  are  touched  only.  We  have  within  our 
borders  in  the  development  of  our  mining  industry,  room  for  the  work 
and  maintenance  of  over  a  half-million  of  our  people. 

The  cattle  and  sheep  industry,  it  is  possible  that  some  of  you 
gentlemen  here  know  something  about.  What  would  you  think  when  I 
tell  you  that  I  know  of  one  corporation — and  I  use  the  word  corporation 
in  its  most  tender  sense,  and  speak  of  it  lovingly,  because  I  fear  some 
of  you  here  might  take  oifense  at  the  word  (laughter,) — controls  over 
1,000,000  acres  of  land,  upon  which  are  fed  50,000  cattle.  This  is 
simply  a  specimen,  and  a  small  specimen  it  may  be,  of  the  cattle  farms  in 
Arizona.  There  is  no  place  in  the  United  States,  or  in  the  world,  where 
sheep  are  so  free  from  disease  of  any  kind  as  in  Arizona.  This  fact  is 
being  recognized  ;  when  I  say  to  you  that  for  the  first  time,  in  1891,  in 
that  remote  country,  from  one  little  valley  and  one  railroad  station, 
^100,000  was  paid  out  for  wool  the  first  year  that  the  sheep  were  driven 
into  that  valley.  On  its  mountains,  in  its  plains,  the  herds  of  all 
America  could  live  and  thrive. 

We  come  now  to  another  matter  :  It  is  not  hard  to  make  you 
believe  our  stories  of  its  mines  and  its  cattle,  but  when  I  come  to  tell 
you,  especially  those  of  you  who  have  traversed  the  territory  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific,  or  Southern  Pacific  Railroads,  that  every  acre  you 
saw  from  the  car  windows  of  the  so-called  desert,  where  nothing  grew 
but  the  cactus,  the  chuhua,  or  the  mesquite,  would  produce,  with  water 
only,  crops  of  grain  and  fruit  that  would  reach  a  greater  average  per  acre 
than  the  most  fertile  soil  of  the  most  fertile  part  of  the  United  States ; 
when  I  tell  you  that  in  the  valley  of  the  Santa  Cruz  and  the  Salt 
River  crops  of  wheat  and  of  barley  have  been  raised  by  the  Indians  for 
a  time  that  runs  back  beyond  the  memory  even  of  a  tradition,  and  never 
one  pound  of  fertilizer  has  been  put  upon  this  soil ;  you  may  be  able 
possibly,  to  comprehend  its  richness  and  fertility.     (Applause.) 


«  ARIZONA: 


The  climate  of  Arizona  is  especially  adapted  to  the  raising  of  fruit. 
The  citrus  belt  of  the  south,  situated  inland  over  500  to  800  miles  from 
the  sea,  away  from  the  frost,  is  to-day  unequaled,  and  the  trouble  expe- 
rienced in  the  orange  belts  of  Florida  and  the  slight  frosts  felt  in  southern 
California  are  to  us  unknown.  The  climate  of  Arizona  produces  the 
apricot,  the  peach,  the  fig,  and  the  pear,  ripened  and  ready  for  market 
at  least  three  weeks  earlier  than  they  mature  in  the  garden  spots  of 
Southern  California.  As  to  the  culture  of  the  orange  and  lemon,  the 
lime  and  the  olive,  land  superior  far  can  be  bought  in  Arizona  at  from 
^25  to  $2>^  per  acre  to  those  that  are  now  bringing  in  California  from  %i^o 
to  $500  per  acre.  In  other  words,  the  valley  of  the  Salt  and  the  valley 
of  the  Gila  can  lay  down  an  orange  at  your  breakfast-table  in  New 
York,  four  weeks  earlier  than  can  the  famed  Riverside  of  Southern 
California. 

I  have  been  asked  since  my  arrival  in  New  York,  why  we  build  our 
houses  of  adobe  when  we  claim  to  have  so  much  timber.  In  one  com- 
pact mass,  over  200  miles  long  and  over  50  miles  wide  in  the  MogoUon 
Mountains,  we  have  a  forest  of  timber  taller  by  far  than  the  tallest  masts 
that  ever  come  sailing  into  New  York  harbor,  bearing  their  freights  from 
the  marts  of  the  world,  and  yet,  in  all  our  valleys  and  with  all  this  timber 
almost  in  sight,  we  have  to  pay  ;^4o  per  thousand  for  rough  lumber. 
This  fact  alone  should  appeal  to  you  and  to  the  capitalists  of  this  country 
to  give  us  facilities  for  transportation. 

In  a  it.^  short  words  let  us  sum  it  up  :  I  have  lived  on  the  banks  of 
the  Mississippi  River  and  seen  daily  and  nightly  that  great  mass  of  water 
bear  down  upon  its  bosom  from  St.  Paul  to  New  Orleans,  the  traffic  and 
commerce  of  an  Empire ;  I  have  travelled  over  New  England,  over  what 
is  known  as  the  Middle  States ;  I  have  seen  the  pine  trees  of  Maine  hold 
their  silent  and  solemn  vigil ;  I  have  traversed  the  prairies  of  the  great 
West,  where  the  tall  grass  and  waving  wheat  and  tasseled  corn  holds 
watch  and  ward  over  the  granaries  of  the  Nation  ;  I  have  seen  the  cotton 
and  the  sugar  fields  of  the  south  ;  and  yet  I  say  to  you,  gentlemen,  here 
to-night,  in  all  earnestness,  in  all  that  goes  to  make  truth  sacred  between 
gentleman  and  gentleman,  that  the  valleys  of  Arizona  can  produce  more 
to  the  acre,  will  be  more  fruitful  to  the  owner  of  the  soil,  and  will  yield 


HON.  JOHN  N.   IRWIN  15 

him  a  larger  income  per  acre,  than  any  other  land  that  rests  under  the 
Stars  and  Stripes,  or  listens  to  the  drum-beat  of  Uncle  Sam's  domain. 
(Applause.) 

It  is  hardly  fair  for  me  to  close  without  alluding  to  the  glorious 
climate  of  our  Territory.  I  have  seen  on  the  streets  of  Phoenix  in  the 
middle  of  January,  the  inhabitants  dressed  in  what  is  called  summer 
apparel;  the  warmth  of  the  noon-day  sun  comparing  favorably  to 
a  beautiful  June  day  on  Manhattan  Island ;  the  windows  up,  the  doors 
open,  and  nature  in  its  Spring  costume.  The  sanitary  conditions  are  of 
the  very  best.  It  is  the  home  of  the  invalid.  We  are  far  ahead  of  Old 
Mortality,  and  the  hand  of  that  great  destroyer  rarely  visits  our  domain. 
During  the  building  of  the  great  Arizona  Canal,  with  which  our  host, 
Mr.  Logan,  was  for  long  so  successfully  connected,  there  were  employed 
during  the  two  years  nearly  4,000  laborers.  Death  occurred  but  twice 
among  them. 

I  am  told  that  you,  gentlemen,  here  in  New  York  sometimes  visit  the 
groves  of  Monte  Carlo.  Before  crossing  the  three  thousand  miles  of  the 
ocean  to  play  roulette  at  Monte  Carlo  or  the  illusive  baccarat  at  Tranby 
Croft,  come  out  to  Arizona,  where  I  will  guarantee  you  certain  immunity 
from  Yuma,  (laughter,)  and  will  show  you  men  who  will  make  you  bigger 
bets,  and  will  lose  or  win  with  a  more  impassive  face  than  any  that  you 
ever  saw  outside  of  Trinity  churchyard. 

There  was  a  man  who  lived  in  New  York  at  one  time,  of  great 
renown  in  the  literary  world,  who  pictured,  unknown  to  himself,  the 
future  of  the  West.  Recognize  him  if  you  can.  You  here,  on  the 
Atlantic  coast,  have  builded  almost  to  your  full  fruition.  We  are  in  our 
infancy.  Here  in  the  East  rise  casement  and  monumental  pile,  column 
and  architrave,  dome  and  lofty  tower.  But  in  its  nest  upon  the  earth, 
unseen  and  little  heard,  sits  the  lowly  lark  waiting  to  bear  its  song  up  to 
the  sun.  Slowly  the  fabric  of  the  great  grows  on,  and  at  last  is  finished, 
and  the  cloud-piercing  spire  is  burnished  with  gold.  Then  up  springs 
the  forgotten  lark,  with  airy  wheel  to  the  pinnacle,  and,  standing  poised 
and  unwondering  on  his  giddy  perch,  pours  out  his  celestial  music  till 
his  bright  footing  trembles  with  harmony.  And  when  his  song  is  done, 
and  mounting  thus  he  soars  aloft  to  fill  his  exhausted  heart  at  the  foun- 


i6  ''ARIZONA: 


tains  of  the  sun,  the  dwellers  below  look  up  and  shout,  not  to  the  gilded 
shaft,  but  to  the  lark  lost  from  it  in  the  sky. 

So  it  will  be  henceforth  with  the  American  people.  So  the  cities  on 
the  Atlantic  will  look  to  the  coming  Empire  of  the  West. 

And  when  you  come  there,  gentlemen,  we  will  welcome  you  to  the 
land  of  sunshine,  of  silver  and  of  gold,  of  health  and  prosperity,  the  ideal 
home  for  the  ideal  American  family.     (Applause.) 


irrigation: 


HERBERT  H.  LOGAN. 


Those  of  you  who  have  never  seen  the  desert  and  arid  lands  of  our 
western  country  should  imagine  something  a  thousand  times  more  desolate 
and  worthless  to  all  appearance  than  the  sand  foot-hills  of  your  Long 
Island  coast;  still,  unlike  these  coast  sand  hills,  enormously  rich  in  all 
the  elements  that  go  to  make  a  soil  productive,  but  deficient  in  moisture 
to  produce  vegetation  of  any  character, — lands  which  it  has  often  been 
said  will  support  nothing  but  the  jack-rabbit — covered  here  and  there 
by  cacti,  sage  and  grease  brush,  with  occasionally  a  stunted  growth  of 
mesquite.  It  is  to  the  arid  lands  of  Arizona  that  I  wish  to  especially 
call  your  attention. 

Irrigation  transforms,  makes  over  and  creates  out  of  this  desolate 
waste  a  country  more  beautiful,  more  grand  and  more  productive  than 
any  other  part  of  God's  earth.  It  makes  possible  the  creation  of  ideal 
homes.  Imagine  for  a  moment  land,  twenty  acres  of  which  will,  in  a  few 
years,  make  the  farmer  independent ;  that  will,  after  three  to  five  years 
cultivation,  bring  him  an  income  of  three,  four  and  often  five  thousand 
dollars  per  year ;  a  land  that  produces  every  fruit  grown  outside  of  the 
tropics  to  perfection,  where  the  farmer  can  pick  from  his  garden  the 
peach  from  the  20th  of  May  to  the  first  of  January,  and  where  all  other 
fruits  develop  and  reach  a  perfection  only  known  to  a  Southern  or  semi- 
tropical  climate.  What  is  true  of  the  peach  is  true  of  the  pear,  the 
apricot,  the  prune,  the  fig,  the  nectarine,  the  pomegranate,  the  grape,  the 
walnut,  the  almond,  the  orange,  lemon  and  lime.  A  land  where  the 
orange  can  be  had  fresh  from  the  tree  every  morning  in  the  year,  where 
the  strawberry  can  be  grown  and  will  produce  out  of  doors  12  months  in 


l8  "  IRRIGA  TION: 


succession ;  with  a  climate  reaching  ahnost  perfection ;  where  there  are 
eight  months  as  perfect  as  the  most  beautiful  part  of  your  May  and 
October ;  a  country  of  almost  perpetual  sunshine ;  where  the  Signal  Service 
for  a  period  of  ten  years  gives  an  average  of  340  days  without  a  cloud  in 
sight ;  where  there  are  four  of  the  summer  months  with  a  heat  so  dry  that 
it  is  not  oppressive,  but  giving  that  perfect  development  to  its  products, 
which  is  really  the  wealth  of  the  country ;  where  barley  produces  sixty 
bushels  to  the  acre,  wheat  forty  bushels,  and  alfalfa  eight  tons  to  the  acre 
annually,  and  is  pastured  from  November  until  March ;  where  there  are 
horses  and  cattle  that  reach  an  early  development  unknown  to  any  but  the 
southern  climates,  where  they  are  sleek  and  fat  and  live  upon  the  green 
feed  twelve  months  in  succession  ;  where  there  are  colts  at  four  months  old 
that  often  weigh  nine  hundred  pounds ;  where  two  years  gives  as  perfect  a 
development  as  three  in  the  more  northern  sections  ;  where  frequently  land 
under  cultivation  for  three  years,  costing  originally  less  than  $100  per  acre 
will  produce  for  all  time  a  net  income  of  ^200  an  acre  and  upwards; 
where  the  profit  from  the  orange  and  the  lemon,  the  peach,  apricot,  pear, 
grape  and  fig  is  sufficient  upon  ten  acres  to  support  in  affluence  a  family 
of  five  persons ;  where  these  fruits  are  produced  from  four  to  six  weeks 
earlier  than  in  any  other  point  in  the  United  States ;  a  country  where, 
had  our  Pilgrim  Fathers  found  their  Plymouth  Rock  there,  this  Atlantic 
coast  would  be  to-day  a  wilderness,  and  roaming  over  it  would  be  the 
native  red -man.     (Applause.) 

The  early  canals  that  commenced  the  development  of  these  valleys 
were  farmers'  canals,  built  on  a  co-operative  plan,  not  for  profit  but  by 
the  users  of  the  water.  These  canals  were  built  along  the  lower  or  river- 
bottom  lands  and  covered  usually  a  few  hundred,  or  at  most  a  few  thou- 
sand, acres.  The  water  system  of  to-day  means  the  building  of  great 
canals  that  take  the  water  from  the  mountains  and  cover  the  more  valu- 
able foot-hill  and  upper  mesa  lands;  this  is  the  work  of  capital.  This 
is  being  done, 'and  with  great  profit.  The  great  Arizona  canal,  begun  in, 
the  early  eighties,  forty-two  miles  in  length,  thirty-six  feet  wide  on  the 
bottom,  fifty-eight  feet  wide  on  top,  carrying  seven  and  a  half  feet  of 
water,  or  forty-six  thousand  miner's  inches,  and  irrigating  about  one 
hundred  thousand  acres  of  land,  completed  in  January,  1887,  costing  a 


HERBERT  H.   LOGAN.  19 


little  less  than  ;^6oo,ooo,  has  created  a  value  of  forty  dollars  per 
acre,  or  over  ;^4,ooo,ooo.  Of  the  older  canals,  when  I  first  visited 
this  country  in  1883,  the  stock  was  selling  at  two  and  three  hundred 
dollars  per  share;  I  have  since  seen  paid  two  and  three  thousand 
dollars  for  the  same  stock.  In  the  Great  Salt  River  Valley  there  are 
now,  covered  by  the  water  system,  about  three  hundred  thousand  acres  of 
land  and  some  thirteen  main  canals,  aggregating  about  three  hundred 
miles  in  length,  and  some  six  thousand  miles  of  lateral  ditches,  which  have 
cost  about  two  million  dollars,  and  have  created  a  value  of  upwards  of 
nine  millions.  In  the  Great  Salt  and  Gila  River  Valleys  and  their  tribut- 
aries about  250  miles  in  length,  and  with  an  average  width  of  about  twelve 
miles,  there  are  about  2,000,000  acres  of  land  susceptible  of  irrigation. 
To  develop  the  necessary  water-system  and  prepare  it  for  settlement 
requires  the  expenditure  of  probably  upwards  of  twenty  millions  of 
dollars — which  will  create  a  value  of  over  ^200,000,000 — and  Arizona 
and  her  people  are  going  into  the  markets  of  the  world  to  raise  that 
money,  develop  these  lands  and  furnish  homes  for  a  million  people. 

I  would  not  for  one  moment  lead  you  to  suppose  that  this  is  the  only 
irrigated  country  of  value,  but  I  do  make  the  statement  boldly,  and  with- 
out fear  of  contradiction,  that  it  is  the  richest  and  most  productive  of  all 
the  arid  regions,  and  Arizona  and  her  citizens  extend  to  the  rustling, 
bustling,  energetic  people  of  the  Atlantic  coast  a  cordial  invitation  to 
investigate  her  resources,  and,  to  such  as  would  better  their  condition,  an 
invitation  to  abide  with  us  and  help  us  develop  that  great  and  magnifi- 
cent territory  into  one  of  the  richest  states  in  the  Union.  And  in 
behalf  of  our  people  I  assure  you  that,  should  you  visit  this,  the  promised 
land,  the  garden  of  the  world,  the  home  of  sunshine  and  silver,  you  will 
receive  a  hearty  welcome.     (Applause.) 


''THE    WEST  AS  AN  EASTERNER  LOOKS  AT  IT' 


Hon.  JOSEPH  C.  HENDRIX. 

Born  in  a  log  cabin,  erected  by  a  near  relative  of  Daniel  Boone, 
in  the  adjoining  county  in  Missouri  to  that  which  St.  Clair  McKelway 
referred  as  his  birthplace,  raised  on  hog  and  hominy,  a  child  of  the  corn- 
field and  the  companion  of  squirrels,  you  will  readily  see  how  appropriate 
is  my  selection  to  respond  to  a  toast  calling  for  a  view  of  the  West  from 
an  Eastern  standpoint.      (Laughter.) 

We  have  had  some  remarkable  stories  told  here  to-night  about  the 
Great  West,  and  I  have  but  to  present  a  flash-light  photograph  of  the 
expression  which  your  faces  wore  as  you  listened  to  them,  to  reproduce  an 
impression  which  persists  with  Eastern  people  in  respect  to  the  far  West? 
namely,  an  expression  of  awe,  of  wonder  and  of  admiration,  slightly 
tinged  with  incredulity.  This  Great  West,  which  now  deserves  the 
name,  seems  as  remote  from  the  civilization  on  the  banks  of  my  old 
Missouri  River  as  it  does  from  the  whirl  of  the  great  metropolis  in  and 
about  which  we  live.  It  would  require  a  keen  analysis  and  a  refined 
power  of  generalization  to  present  to  you  any  abstraction  of  that  fine 
quality  of  Western  character  which  has  created  amid  great  difficulties  a 
civilization  special  and  unique,  so  strongly  American,  so  buoyant,  so  un- 
daunted, so  conquering,  and  so  unconquerable.  We  know  that  a  great 
people  is  State-building  out  there.  Nevertheless  these  stories  which  come 
from  the  West  are  hard  to  believe.  We  have  to  turn  them  over  and  over 
again  in  our  minds  to  see  if  they  are  not  filled  with  the  nectar  of  romance, 
which,  in  the  revolutions,  may  spill  out.  But  I  suppose  seeing  must  be 
believing,  for  we  are  almost  daily  thrown  into  contact  with  some  of  our 
trusted  mature  and  sane  citizens,  who,  after  a  trip  across  the  plains,  come 


HON.  JOSEPH  a  HENDRIX.  21 

back  infected  with  the  same  enthusiasm  which  the  guests  of  this  evening 
possess  in  such  abundance. 

Strange  things  come  out  of  this  far-away  country.  We  have  been 
introduced  to  one  of  them  in  several  of  the  speeches  to-night;  and 
although  I  am  assured  that  there  is  a  wide  familiarity,  on  the  part  of  a 
number  of  gentlemen  about  this  board,  with  every  form  of  reptile,  both 
those  of  natural  history  and  those  born  of  an  excited  cerebral  condition, 
I  have  yet  to  learn,  and  I  am  disposed  not  to  end  this  evening  without 
l^eing  informed,  what  is  the  '*  Gila  Monster?"  What  is  its  habitat? 
What  is  its  line  of  business  ?  Is  there  a  proposition  before  the  house  to 
capitalize  it,  and  if  so  for  how  much?  (Laughter.)  Does  it  own  the 
secret  of  this  Arizona  cocktail  which  struck  us  all  at  the  beginning  of 
this  feast  like  one  of  those  blizzards  about  which  we  read  ?  If  it  be 
human  and  acquainted  with  the  formula  by  which  this  cocktail  is  made, 
I  beg  to  place  it  in  nomination  for  any  office  within  the  gift  of  the  people 
of  New  York.     (Laughter  and  applause.) 

But  this  is  not  the  only  strange  thing  that  comes  from  the  West. 
The  Governor  of  Arizona  has  presented  to  your  imagination  long  rows  of 
mountain  tops,  each  marking  a  gold  or  silver  mine.  We  think  we  know 
something  about  western  mining  from  an  Eastern  standpoint,  for  from 
the  forests  of  Maine  to  the  lagoons  of  Louisiana,  this  country  has  been 
pretty  well  papered  with  mining  shares,  the  value  of  which  varies  with  the 
fluctuations  of  the  waste-paper  market.  We  think  a  country  ought  to  be 
prosperous  which  has  absorbed  the  amount  of  money  represented  by  con- 
fiding investors  in  these  Western  mines.  We  know  a  little  something 
about  irrigation  here.  Haven't  we  been  irrigating  the  stocks  which  are 
sold  in  Wall  Street  for  years  and  years  ?  (Laughter.)  Yet  we  are  gazing 
to-day  upon  a  market  as  uninviting  as  an  alkali  desert.  We  can  only 
hope  that  the  irrigating  plans  of  the  shorter,  but  not  lesser,  Logan  may 
be  more  fruitful  in  results.  Irrigation  in  Wall  Street  hasn't  made  the 
rose  garden  which  he  promises  for  it  in  his  country. 

But  I  must  mention  another  strange  thing  that  comes  out  of  the 
West.  Like  one  of  those  cyclones,  born  the  good  Lord  only  knows 
where,  and  sweeping  around  in  a  most  eccentric  path,  doing  more  or 
less  of  mischief  and,  as  far  as  we  are  able  to  learn,  no  great  amount  of 


22  "  THE   WEST  AS  AN  EASTERNER  LOOKS  AT  IT  " 

good,  there  comes  now  and  then  a  financial  breeze  from  mountain  height, 
from  valley  or  from  prairie,  which,  to  those  of  us  who  stand  on  the  borders, 
settling  exchanges  with  the  old  nations  of  the  world,  seems  most  unwel- 
come. The  old  Romans  were  taught  to  fear  the  Greeks  bearing  gifts. 
About  the  only  fear  which  we  have  of  Westerners  is  when  they  come  with 
their  palms  crossed  with  silver,  their  minds  filled  with  silver,  their  hearts 
full  of  silver,  and  their  appetites  on  edge  for  more  and  for  freer  silver. 
Do  not  wonder  if,  after  listening  to  your  arguments,  partaking  of  your 
spirit  of  enthusiasm  for  your  country,  confiding  in  your  patriotism,  and 
believing  in  your  honesty,  we  look  with  amazement  upon  the  singularity 
of  your  views.  Remember  that  we  have  to  deal  with  the  Frenchman, 
with  the  German,  with  the  Dutchman  and  with  the  Englishman.  Re- 
member that  while  we  are  not  necessarily  obliged  to  turn  up  the  bottoms 
of  our  pantaloons  because  it  is  raining  in  London,  we  are  still  compelled 
to  keep  our  finger  upon  the  great  financial  pulse  which  beats  there,  and 
which  must  continue  to  beat  there  for  years  to  come.  It  is  when  we 
recognize  the  fact  that  we  have  to  settle  our  exchanges  with  a  people 
across  the  water  who  have  still  an  old-fashioned  prejudice  in  favor  of  gold 
that  we  regard  with  some  degree  of  alarm,  with  a  positive  degree  of  dis- 
approval, and  with  a  potent  hopefulness  that  you  will  yet  see  the  error  of 
your  ways,  the  craze  for  a  free  silver  coinage.  (Applause.)  I  will  not 
go  into  arguments.  I  merely  desire  to  let  these  good  fellows  from  the 
West  know  just  where  we  stand.  We  are  gold  bugs.  We  are  in  favor  of 
a  gold  basis,  and  we  do  not  desire  to  see  the  yellow  metal  expelled  from 
our  finances  until  the  nations  of  the  earth  come  to  recognize  the  commer- 
cial necessity  for  the  adoption  of  the  inferior  coin.  We  are  not  prepared 
to  cut  loose  and  go  it  alone.     (Applause.) 

There  is  no  doubt  at  all,  gentlemen,  that  we  are,  to  a  great  degree, 
provincial,  even  in  New  York  and  Brooklyn,  and  that  we  have  not  the 
large  vision,  the  fervent  courage  and  the  sanguine  conviction  of  our 
Western  friends.  When  I  think  of  reclaiming  the  great  deserts  of  Arizona 
by  irrigation,  I  wonder  why  we  should  not  begin  an  enterprise  of  attract- 
ing population  to  develop  the  waste  places  on  Long  Island,  where  there 
is  no  need  of  irrigation  and  where  there  is  great  need  and  great  space 
for  various  forms  of  human  industry.     If  land  speculation  is  the  thing, 


HON.   JOSEPH   a    HENDRIX.  23 

why  not  land  speculation  about  these  borders  near  which  land  may  be 
purchased  not  far  from  the  figures  at  which  I  am  informed  many  acres  of 
Western  lands  are  being  sold. 

I  join  with  you  all  in  giving  to  the  Governor  of  Arizona  the  assur- 
ances of  our  most  distinguished  consideration.  It  does  us  good  to  come 
in  contact  with  the  fervid  spirit  of  optimism  which  he  has  displayed  to 
us  to-night.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  Mug-Wump  leaving  of  the  reserva- 
tion about  us.  Men  are  carping  at  things  because  they  say  they  are  not 
as  good  as  they  used  to  be.  Men  are  doleful,  men  are  doubtful.  The 
fact  of  it  is,  gentlemen,  that  we  ought  to  thank  God  every  hour  of  the 
day  that  we  are  living  in  these  last  years  of  the  Nineteenth  Century,  sur- 
rounded by  such  sublime  influences,  in  a  country  so  full  of  hope,  bathed 
by  the  sunshine  of  an  advancing  civilization,  radiant  with  promise  for 
the  human  race,  for  freedom,  and  for  the  complete  government  of  the 
people  by  themselves, 

"  I  do  distrust  the  poet  who  discerns 
No  character  or  glory  in  his  times, 
But  trundles  back  his  soul  five  hundred  years 
Past  moat  and  drawbridge,  into  Castle  Court 
To  sing." 
Let  US  believe  in  to-day.     Let  the  bells  peal  out,  the  anthems  ring 
and    the   chimes  cheerily  send  forth  our  song  of  confidence:     To-day, 
To-day,  To-day  !     (Applause.) 


ARIZONA'S  ELDER  SISTER.'' 


BY 


Hon.  J.  De  BARTH  SHORE. 

Arizona's  elder  sister  extends  greetings  of  love  and  affection  to  her 
younger  sister  on  these  Atlantic  shores,  and  bids  her  God-speed  upon 
her  onward  march  towards  a  certain  and  great  destiny.  May  the  tie  so 
long  uniting  us  by  common  hopes  and  interest  strengthen  as  the  days 
go  by — the  twin  sisters,  the  Italy  and  Egypt  of  America. 

I  have  been  asked  to  give  my  experience  on  irrigation  in  California, 
and  to  relate  some  of  the  lessons  taught  by  such  experience.  This  sub- 
ject of  irrigation  is  so  wide,  so  full  of  inspiration,  that  it  is  difficult  to 
wisely  determine  where  to  commence  and  where  to  end.  The  corner- 
stone of  the  fabric  of  civilization  was  not  laid  in  cement  and  mortar, 
but  upon  water  itself.  A  surprising  statement  at  the  first  glance,  and  yet 
we  know  upon  reflection  that  water  is  the  great  non-condensible  element, 
that  cannot  be  made  to  occupy  a  lesser  space  than  nature's  God  allotted 
it,  no  matter  how  great  the  pressure  may  be. 

The  first  king  of  the  oldest  dynasty  of  Egypt,  Menes,  who  ruled  over 
the  lives  and  destinies  of  that  people  and  nation,  rose  to  that  position 
from  the  fact  that  he  had  constructed  and  put  into  successful  operation  the 
first  irrigating  canal.  Upon  the  completion  of  this  work,  which  made 
men  no  longer  to  be  the  sport  of  the  seasons ;  which  made  it  possible 
that  the  hopes  of  yesterday  should  not  be  blighted  by  the  realities  of  to- 
day; civilization  took  its  start.  The  certainty  of  support,  the  certainty 
of  supplying  the  demand  for  bread  and  butter,  gave  time  for  reflection, 
and  the  opportunity  to  man  to  look  above  him  and  consider  what  he  was 
and  what  he  might  become.  The  rising  of  the  dog  star  Sirius,  which 
was  coincident  with  the  annual  inundation  of  the  Nile,  established  the 
first  recorded  form  of  religion,  namely,  the  worship  of  the  stars.  Then 
followed  quickly  the  science  of  mathematics  and  the  use  of  trigonometry, 


HON.  J.   DE  BARTII  SHORE.  25 

made  necessary  in  order  to  re-establish  the  lines  that  had  been  destroyed 
by  the  deposit  of  the  overflowing  Nile.  With  the  production  of  wealth 
caused  by  abundant  crops,  came  the  building  of  the  pyramids  and  the 
establishing  of  the  great  temples  of  the  gods.  These  were  but  monu- 
ments to  men's  weakness  and  vanity,  and  although  time  is  placing  its 
withering  hand  upon  them,  the  fertility  of  Egypt's  soil  remains  un- 
changed, and  to-day  it  is  as  fertile  as  it  was  six  thousand  years  before 
the  Christian  Era.  And  it  may  not  improbably  be  that  some  one  in  the 
far  future,  when  thousands  more  of  years  are  added  to  age  of  this  earth, 
shall  say  the  same  of  the  irrigable  lands  of  California  and  Arizona. 
What  God  has  done  in  Egypt  by  His  own  wonderful  hand,  He  is  now 
calling  upon  man  to  do  in  California  and  Arizona. 

The  time  or  occasion  does  not  permit  of  any  extended  history  of 
irrigation  in  California,  but,  as  a  sample  of  the  whole,  let  me  picture  to 
you  my  own  San  Gabriel  Valley,  now  the  richest  valley  in  all  California, 
as  it  was  and  as  it  is.  I  remember  well  in  the  early  sixties,  that  standing 
on  the  hill  on  which  my  home  is  now  located,  looking  back  of  me  towards 
the  high  Sierras,  over  the  plains  where  Pasadena  is  now  located,  and  then 
looking  in  front  of  me  over  the  valley  of  San  Gabriel  towards  the  broad 
Pacific,  there  were  but  three  or  four  houses  to  be  seen,  besides  the  little 
village  which  surrounded  the  old  mission.  Over  this  entire  territory  a  few 
small  orchards  of  oranges  and  lemons,  a  few  circumscribed  acres  of  vines, 
were  all  that  bespoke  man's  interference  or  enterprise.  I  saw  some 
straggling  herds  of  cattle,  whose  long  and  wide-spreading  horns  sug- 
gested instantaneous  flight  rather  than  closer  scrutiny,  and  a  few  scattered 
herds  of  sheep  whose  tread  caused  the  dust  to  rise  in  volumes  almost 
sufficient  to  obscure  the  sun.     And  this  was  all ! 

Now  looking  over  the  same  territory  from  my  piazza,  what  do  I  see? 
Thousands  of  homes  of  contented  people,  the  lofty  spires  of  churches, 
numerous  school-houses  of  large  proportions,  thousands  of  acres  of  well- 
cultivated  orchards  and  vineyards,  a  scene  of  peace,  happiness  and  culti- 
vation. The  magic  wand  that  has  produced  this  wonderful  change, 
like  Aladdin's  Palace,  is  Irrigation,  with  its  fructifying  waters.  At  the 
time  I  refer  to  perhaps  the  entire  income  derived  from  the  San  Gabriel 
Valley,  comprising  200  square  miles  of  territory,  did  not  exceed  $50,000. 


a6  ''ARIZONA'S    ELDER    SISTERS 

A  greater  income  than  that  is  now  derived  from  one  hundred  acres  of 
carefully-cultivated  orchards.  When  I  first  commenced  my  irrigating 
enterprises,  land  in  the  San  Gabriel  Valley  was  worth  not  more  than  an 
average  of  eight  dollars  an  acre;  now  their  value  is  $200  an  acre  for 
land  having  no  water,  and  ;^5oo  an  acre  for  irrigated  lands.  (Applause.) 
Since  I  came  East  a  tract  of  200  acres  without  water  has  been  sold  at  a 
cash  price  of  ;^3oo  an  acre.  From  these  lands  a  revenue  is  derived  more 
than  sufficient  to  justify  these  prices.  All  this  is  solely  the  result  of 
scientific  irrigation. 

What  has  been  done  in  the  valley  of  San  Gabriel,  famous  now  over 
almost  all  the  world,  can  be  accomplished  in  the  valleys  of  the  Gila  River 
and  the  Salt  River  of  Arizona.  In  these  valleys  are  opportunities  for 
carving  out  a  great  many  San  Gabriel  Valleys,  equalling,  if  not  sur- 
passing it ;  and  this  judgment  is  based  upon  a  careful  study  of  all  their 
conditions  of  soil,  climate  and  water.  The  soil  is  the  same ;  for  the 
greater  part  of  the  year  the  climate  is  the  same  ;  and  the  water  supply  of 
these  so-called  desert  plains  of  Arizona  is  far  greater  than  the  water- 
supply  of  Southern  California,  with  which  these  wonderful  results  have 
been  accomplished.  In  one  canal  alone,  the  Arizona  Canal,  there  now 
flows  more  water  than  all  Southern  California  possesses  south  of  the 
Tehichipa  mountain. 

There  under  a  kindly  sun  for  the  largest  portion  of  the  year,  with  a 
soil  as  fertile  as  the  Delta  of  the  Nile,  all  the  products  of  the  temperate 
and  semi-tropical  climates  find  a  genial  home.  Wheat  of  surprising 
whiteness  and  excellence  ;  barley  capable  of  producing  the  finest  ale  ;  rye 
and  oats,  alfalfa,  the  orange,  lemon  and  fig,  the  date,  and  olive,  and  the 
vine ;  all  flourish  in  a  surprising  splendor,  which  discounts  all  the  enthu- 
siasm of  horticulture  or  agriculture  elsewhere.  In  the  growth  of  the  vine 
and  its  consequent  production  of  wines  we  meet  here  conditions  like 
those  which  make  Spain  famous  for  its  sherries,  and  Portugal  for  its  ports. 

The  utilization  of  all  the  unrivaled  possibilities  of  these  twin 
sisters,  California  and  Arizona,  the  Italy  and  Egypt  of  America,  and  the 
consequent  creation  of  a  wealth  almost  impossible  to  conceive,  must 
bring  forth  a  civilization  as  great  as  the  world  has  ever  known  and  as 
lasting  as  the  universe  itself.     (Applause.) 


''IRRIGATION  AND    THE  PRESSr 

BY 

ST.  CLAIR  McKELWAY. 

Mr.  President  and  gentlemen: — In  the  hour  and  a  half  which  has 
been  allotted  to  me  (laughter  and  applause)  I  hope  to  make  an  able,  and, 
in  a  double  sense,  an  exhaustive  address.  I  know  that  I  am  talking 
against  the  ribaldry  of  those  in  front  and  the  ceramic  clamor  of  the 
waiters  in  the  rear ;  but,  neveirtheless,  nothing  shall  abate  my  admiration 
for  the  glowing,  and  as  he  proceeded,  the  growing,  optimism  of  Governor 
Irwin.  That  man  sympathizes  with  his  environment.  He  was  not  a 
pessimist  in  Iowa.  He  was  hopeful  in  Idaho.  He  is  confident  in  Arizona. 
And  he  is  tumultuously  enthusiastic  in  the  Marine  and  Field  Club. 
(Laughter  and  applause.)  Such  a  man  would  be  in  Rome  a  Catholic ; 
in  Constantinople  a  Mohammedan ;  in  St.  Petersburg  a  Greek;  in  Smyrna 
a  Mussulman ;  and  everywhere  a  jolly  good  fellow.  Now  to  the  merit 
which  he  has  of  being  a  native  of  Iowa,  I  want  to  add  my  greater  merit 
of  having  been  born  in  Missouri.  The  Mississippi  greeted  the  outlook 
of  his  infant  eyes;  the  murmurings  of  the  muddy  Missouri  composed 
me  to  my  cradled  sleep.  I  was  educated  in  New  Jersey,  and  perverted 
in  New  York.  I  was  redeemed  in  Albany,  and  sanctified  in  Brooklyn. 
(Laughter  and  applause.)  So  my  geography  is  far  more  versatile  even 
than  Irwin's. 

I  am  glad  to  meet  here  to-night,  among  all  the  other  triends, 
one  with  whom  I  met  last  under  peculiar  circumstances.  I  do  not 
refer  to  the  ad  interim,  the  ambiguous,  the  quasi  and  doubtful  execu- 
tive of  Connecticut,  but  to  the  latest,  albeit  not  the  last.  Democratic 
governor  of  that  commonwealth,  Thomas  M.  Waller.  We  have  made  a 
compact  here  to-night.     The  last  time  we  met  was  June  24,   1884,  in 


28  ''IRRIGATION  AND    THE  PRESS." 

Albany,  at  which  time  we  were  members  of  the  committee  appointed 
to  notify  a  great  Democrat  of  his  nomination  for  the  presidency. 
We  have  agreed  to  meet  next  year,  either  at  Sandwich,  Mass. ,  or  in  New 
York  City,  on  Madison  Avenue  or  at  15  William  Street.  [A  voice,  "  He's 
moved"] — I  mean  at  15  Broad  Street,  and  to  go  through  the  same  cere- 
mony.     (Prolonged  applause.) 

Thus  by  a  gradual  process  I  approach  my  toast.  (Laughter.) 
It  is  entitled  ''Irrigation  and  the  Press."  Logan  is  nothing  if  not 
sarcastic.  It  is  just  now  the  object  of  my  life  to  prove  that  transactions 
in  water  have  nothing  to  do  with  either  office-holders  or  politics  as 
deterrents ;  that  at  most  they  are  errors  of  the  head  and  not  sins  of  the 
heart.  As  to  irrigation,  having  been  sitting  opposite  to  Judge  Holman 
of  Indiana  all  the  evening  I  know  very  little  about  it. 

As  to  journalism,  I  will  say  that,  as  I  have  said  before,  there 
are  two  kinds  of  journalism  in  this  world — journalism  and  Brooklyn 
journalism.  (Laughter.)  The  latter  is  an  acquired  taste.  I  have 
acquired  it. 

It  seems  that  a  New  York  office  lawyer  can  be  the  unapprehended 
Daniel  Boone  of  a  new  commonwealth,  if  we  are  to  believe  all  that  Mr. 
Logan  says.  In  Brooklyn  journalism  there  must  be  a  fitness  of  men  to 
functions.  Mr.  Logan,  who  can't  tell  which  end  of  a  gun  the  bullet 
comes  out  of,  and  who  could  not  hit  a  squirrel  at  eighty  yards  behind 
Creedmoor  sights,  is  here  posing  as  the  Daniel  Boone  of  a  territory  which 
a  congress  of  inexcusable  political  upstarts  refuses  to  admit  into  the 
Union.  Now  to  me  Mr.  Logan  has  no  more  right  to  that  title  than  has 
Secretary  of  War  Proctor  to  the  title  of  sculptor,  because  he  owns  a 
marble  quarry.  An  organizer  of  a  canal  syndicate,  a  man  who  is  the 
arterial  font  or  the  active  head  of  a  petrified  wood  factory,  cannot  pose  as 
a  founder  of  a  commonwealth  of  the  future  without  assuming  a  posture 
which  bears  the  character  of  imposture.  However,  life  is  full  of  sur- 
prises. It  is  the  unexpected  which  always  happens,  and  I  was  much  sur- 
prised by  the  evolution  of  this  Indian,  off  the  Tammany  reservation, 
into  a  state-builder.  Gentlemen,  if  he  was  a  state -builder  he  builded 
more  wisely  than  he  knew,  until  that  glowing  picture  of  Governor  Irwin's 
came  out  to  our  widening  eyes  and  our  amazed  ears. 


ST.    CLAIR    McKELWAY.  29 

Joking  apart  and  bantering  to  the  background,  however,  let  me  say 
that  I  think  that  the  testimony  which  is  borne  here  to  the  moral  greatness 
and  the  physical  magnitude,  to  the  indomitable  courage  and  the  match- 
less resources,  to  the  wonderful  present  and  to  the  immeasurable  promise 
of  the  future  of  our  American  nation  should  inspire  us  all.  Those  words 
are  spoken  by  men  who  know  whereof  they  speak,  who  have  seen  all  of 
which  they  talk,  who  are  a  part,  and  a  large  part,  of  what  they  tell.  It 
is  right  that  these  words  should  lift  us  above  partisanship  and  above  dis- 
solving lines  of  difference  into  a  comprehension  of  our  duties  as  citizens, 
of  our  destiny  as  Americans,  and  that  they  should  remit  to  Limbo,  to 
forgetfulness,  to  nothingness,  many  of  the  little  problems  with  which  we 
vex  our  souls  unduly  in  these  times.  What  is  the  silver  question  to  the 
glowing  periods  of  Governor  Irwin's  tongue?  What  is  the  question  of 
the  farmers'  alliance  when  Logan  proves  indisputably  that  all  the  found- 
ers of  the  oldest  states  have  passed  into  oblivion  ?  What  is  the  question 
of  railroad  rates  against  the  magnificent  distances,  the  illimitable  and 
innumerable  townships  and  the  impassable  mountains  of  Arizona  and 
Colorado !  (Applause.)  What  is.  the  question  of  water,  wanting  but 
not  wanted  here,  when  brought  into  relations  with  the  stupendous  fiction 
of  irrigation  on  which  the  other  and  not  the  lesser  Logan  will  enlarge  ? 

I  thank  you  for  your  attention,  and  with  battling  desires  to  catch 
the  next  train  and  yet  to  hear  the  other  speakers  I  take  my  seat. 


RESPONSE 


BY 


Hon.  THOMAS  M.  WALLER. 


Much  of  the  pleasant  talk  to-night  has  been  of  a  personal  character 
and  full  of  reminiscence.  May  I  follow  in  this  strain?  (A  voice,  ''As 
much  as  you  like.") 

Our  host  to-night  is  of  my  State,  and  one  of  the  special  guests  we  are 
here  to  honor  is  of  my  State  also.  Their  father,  the  Honorable  Seth  S. 
Logan,  was  an  associate  of  mine  for  many  years  in  the  activities  of  Con- 
necticut politics.  As  I  observe  the  representative  men  in  every  distin- 
guished walk  of  life  who  have  gathered*  here  about  them,  I  feel  a  sort  of 
State  pride  in  regard  to  the  positions  the  sons  of  my  old  friend  have 
achieved  so  early  in  their  battle  of  life.  One  of  them  brings  trophies  of 
his  energy  and  success  as  a  pioneer  in  Arizona,  (applause,)  and  the  other 
enjoys  the  honors  and  emoluments  of  his  profession,  won  in  your  midst. 
(Applause.)  These  they  deserve.  If  not,  they  have  done  the  next  best 
thing  for  a  Connecticutian, — they  have  made  us  think  they  deserve  them. 
(Laughter. ) 

Now,  Gentlemen,  I  know  nothing  about  irrigation,  the  special  topic 
for  toasts.  There  is  nothing  about  this  occasion  that  suggests  the  useful- 
ness of  water.  (Laughter.)  But  I  have  shared  with  you  the  pleasure  of 
listening  to  the  able  address  of  the  Governor  of  Arizona,  and  have  joined 
with  you  in  applauding  his  careful  statements  and  his  dignified  enthu- 
siasm about  the  fertility  of  the  soil  when  irrigated,  and  the  richness  of 
the  mines  when  developed,  of  the  territory,  to  the  promotion  of  whose 
interests  he  is  so  loyally  devoted.     (Applause.) 

The  elegant  speech  of  our  friend  Mr.  Hendrix,  the  popular  Ex-Post- 
jnaster  and  the  successful  President  of  the  Kings  County  Trust  Company 


HON.    THOMAS  M.    WALLER.  31 

of  Brooklyn,  delighted  us.  His  wit  and  humor  were  so  happily  blended 
as  to  hurt  none  and  please  all.  He  and  I  are  both  Democrats  and 
believers  in  the  same  cardinal  political  doctrines  of  finance  and  tariff; 
but  the  sentiments  on  the  silver  question  he  expresses  to-night  would  not, 
I  regret,  be  received  everywhere  within  the  lines  of  the  Democracy  with 
equal  favor,  and  it  is  lucky,  as  he  suggests  himself,  that  he  is  not  a  can- 
didate on  the  silver  issue  for  any  office  in  a  silver-producing  territory 
or  state. 

I  do  not  think  our  friends  from  the  West  need  be  much  alarmed  at 
the  attitude  either  party  takes  in  New  York  at  present  on  the  silver  issue. 
When  the  Democratic  party  comes  together  in  their  great  National  Con- 
vention in  1892  to  nominate  the  President  and  to  formulate  a  platform, 
the  local  differences  of  opinion  on  the  silver  issue  will  have  to  be 
adjusted.  They  will  concoct  at  that  great  gathering  (this  table  furnishes 
the  simile)  a  financial  punch  of  many  mixtures,  something  will  be  poured 
into  it  from  the  East,  something  from  the  West,  and  something  from  the 
South,  and  this  decoction  Mr.  Hendrix  and  I  and  all  other  good  Demo- 
crats will  take  without  blinking,  and  pronounce  it  good.  (Laughter.) 
We  have  done  so  before,  and  we  can  do  it  again.  (Laughter.)  There  is 
nothing  mean  about  us.     (Applause.) 

Our  political  opponents  will  undoubtedly  waste  much  of  their  time 
in  demonstrating  our  inconsistency  on  this  ''local  issue;  "  but  while  they 
are  doing  this  we  will  be  exposing  their  wickedness  on  the  tariff  issue, 
and  this  will  be  really  the  only  substantial  issue  of  the  next  presidential 
campaign.  Our  party  can  afford  to  be  inconsistent  on  silver,  if  they  are 
victorious  on  the  tariff.      (Laughter.) 

While  my  friend  Hendrix  in  his  excellent  humor  was  telling  of  the 
vast  number  of  mining  certificates  of  stock  floating  on  the  market  and 
paying  no  dividends,  the  Governor  of  Arizona  in  a  whisper  said  to  me, 
''  You  must  defend  mining  industries  from  this  facetious  attack,"  and,  as 
Governors  ought  to  stand  by  one  another,  I  promised  to  do  it.  (Laughter.) 

Mr.  Hendrix  does  honor  to  the  energy,  ability  and  progress  of  the 
West,  but  he  thinks  that  the  East  is  an  awful  sufferer  from  an  over-issue 
of  mining  stock.  This  is  undoubtedly  so.  Some  of  us  have  had  painful 
experience  in  the  matter,  but  the  fault  is  not  with  the  West, — the  certifi- 


32  HON.    THOMAS  Af.    WALLER. 

Cates  are  not  made  at  the  mines  nor  by  the  miners  ;  the  certificates  are 
made  in  Wall  Street,  and  lawyers,  brokers,  and  financiers  and  Trust 
Companies  are  responsible.  While  I  was  in  England,  I  knew  of  an 
enterprise  that  was  brought  there  by  an  American  and  sold  for  twenty 
thousand  pounds.  The  purchasers  floated  it  upon  the  market  for  more 
than  ten  times  that  amount.  Was  it  the  innocent  American  who  was  to 
blame  for  the  inordinate  inflation  ?  Is  it  the  Western  explorer  or  miner, 
selling  his  discovery  and  property  at  a  reasonable  price,  or  the  Eastern 
financier  multiplying  a  thousand  times  the  price,  and  so  putting  it  upon 
the  market,  who  is  responsible  for  the  disaster  that  follows  the  too  much 
irrigated  scheme  ?  Will  our  friend  Mr.  Hendrix  answer  the  conundrum  ? 
(Laughter.) 

I  was  a  very  small  boy  away  back  in  '49  when  gold  was  discovered 
in  California ;  but  I  remember  that  the  papers  I  was  then  selling  (the 
Sun,  Tribune  and  Morning  Star)  on  the  streets  of  New  York  were  so  filled 
with  accounts  of  the  discovery  of  mountains  of  gold,  that  I  thought  gold 
would  not  be  worth  a  cent,  and,  with  this  apprehension,  instead  of  going 
with  the  Star  of  Empire  westward,  I  went  to  Connecticut.  I  went  there 
as  to  a  reformatory  school,  thinking  that  when  I  was  good  enough  I 
would  return  to  New  York  and  become  a  New  York  politician.  I  have 
stayed  there  a  good  while.  I  have  got  over  the  notion  that  the  influx  of 
gold  will  destroy  the  financial  system  of  the  world,  and  I  have  come  to 
the  belief  that  this  country  can  stand  a  good  deal  more  American  silver 
in  coin. 

I  have  returned  to  New  York,  but  only  to  do  business,  not  to  be  a 
politician.  I  have  had  some  temptation  to  step  into  the  political  waters 
here,  but  I  have  resisted  it.  I  am  satisfied  that  a  longer  probation  is 
necessary.     I  am  not  good  enough  yet.     (Laughter.) 

The  success  of  Mr.  Logan,  our  host,  who  has  never  wandered  like 
myself  from  the  path  of  his  profession  into  the  wilderness  of  politics, 
convinces  me  that  I  have  given  to  politics  all  the  time  I  can  afford. 
(Applause.) 


<  THE  LAWYER  AS  A  BUSINESS  MAN.'' 


HORACE  E.  DEMING. 


The  lawyer  and  the  physician  have  been  the  butt  of  play- writers  and 
novelists  from  time  immemorial ;  the  former  as  a  pettifogger,  the  latter, 
quack ;  the  one  sharp,  shrewd,  deceitful,  but  a  pitifully  small  creature, 
the  other  equally  deceitful  but  more  pompous  and  opinionated. 

In  actual  life  the  lawyer  and  the  physician  have  alike  gained  some- 
what in  popular  appreciation,  but  the  old  traditions  still  linger,  and  you 
will  still  hear  too  frequently,  from  otherwise  well-bred  and  intelligent 
men,  expressions  of  opinion  in  regard  to  lawyers  and  their  calling,  as  if 
it  were  only  sharp,  unscrupulous  men,  finding  their  own  prosperity  in  the 
troubles  and  adversities  of  their  neighbors,  who  constituted  the  mass  of 
the  legal  profession.  The  popular  idea  of  a  lawyer  is  still  that  of  a 
tonguey,  unscrupulous  fellow,  or  it  may  be,  of  a  man  with  great  but 
perverted  gifts,  who  spends  his  life  in  making  the  worse  appear  the 
better  reason.  And  it  has  become  a  popular  adage  that  any  business 
with  which  a  lawyer  is  connected  or  of  which  he  has  the  management  is 
doomed  to  failure. 

I  do  not  propose  to  defend  or  vindicate  the  lawyer  here  to-night, 
but  my  toast  has  set  going  a  train  of  thought  so  exactly  the  reverse  of 
one  of  the  traditional  notions  in  regard  to  lawyers  that  I  propose  to  make 
it  the  subject  of  the  few  remarks  which  I  shall  make.  I  maintain  that 
the  successful  lawyer  of  to-day  is  the  most  successful  and  able  business 
man  of  his  time.  I  do  not  mean  this  in  the  hum-drum  trading  sense. 
A  great  lawyer  is  a  poor  trader,  but  he  is  quick  to  seize  upon  the  prin- 
ciples and  laws  that  underlie  and  control  great  business  operations,  and 
his  advice  and  assistance  is  more  sought  to  adjust  business  difficulties,  to 
direct  great  enterprises,  than  to  conduct  litigation  or  bring  law-suits. 

You  must  bear  in  mind  that  it  is  only  within  a  comparatively  recent 


34  ''THE    LAWYER    AS   A    BUSINESS  MAN.'' 

period  that  ''business"  has  been  anything  but  traders'  work.  Business 
as  a  science,  directed  and  conducted  by  master-minds  along  the  lines  of 
a  broad  and  far-seeing  policy,  is  a  modern  development,  and  as  a  natural 
consequence  of  this  development  the  great  law  firms  have  become  the 
confidential  advisers  and  quasi -partners  of  hundreds  of  our  most  impor- 
tant business  houses.  Men  with  legal  training  and  practice  are  the  suc- 
cessful managers  of  many  of  our  most  important  business  enterprises,  are 
sought  for  as  directors  of  our  great  corporations ;  and  in  every  venture 
where  the  power  of  initiative,  or  the  tactful  and  efficient  management,  on 
a  large  scale,  of  men  of  means  are  needed,  the  lawyer  finds  his  oppor- 
tunity. To  create  a  corner  in  wheat,  to  manipulate  the  stock  market, 
to  measure  cotton  cloth  or  weigh  out  sugar  and  coffee,  you  need  no 
lawyer,  but  in  the  management  of  great  railroads,  the  consolidation  and 
handling  efficiently  of  great  manufacturing  interests,  the  founding  and 
developing  of  new  states,  the  lawyer  is  in  his  element. 

And  just  as  in  the  old  days,  little  by  little,  wager  of  battle  was 
replaced  by  trial  by  jury,  and  a  militant  civilization  gave  way  to  a  civili- 
zation of  law  and  order — in  brief  the  lawyer  triumphed — so  in  more 
recent  times,  as  commerce  and  industry  have  become  more  and  more  the 
characteristics  of  our  advancing  civilization,  the  position  and  prosperity 
of  the  lawyer  as  a  business  expert  have  become  more  and  more  assured. 
He  knows  not  one  business  merely,  but  the  principles  of  many  businesses. 
His  policy  is  not  narrowed  by  a  myriad  of  complicating  details  of  a  par- 
ticular business,  nor  his  perception  dulled  by  the  myriad  pettinesses  of 
daily  routine ;  but  he  knows  the  general  laws  to  which  the  business  must 
conform,  the  kind  of  management  which  must  win.  His  vision  is  broad, 
his  judgment  catholic,  and  he  has  the  immense  advantage  of  working  for 
the  interests  of  others. 

The  successful  lawyer  of  modern  times  must  be  a  good  business  man. 
The  opportunities  for  the  Storys  and  Choates  and  Wirts  are  fewer  and 
fewer.  The  interests  of  the  new  age  have  created  a  new  demand,  and  the 
demand  has  created  a  supply  in  the  form  of  active,  alert,  clear-ideaed 
and  clear-headed  men  who  will  be  in  the  forefront  of  the  civilization  of 
to-day  as  they  have  been  among  the  champions  of  liberty  and  promoters 
of  peace  since  history  began. 


THE  MINES    OF   THE    WEST.'' 


LINDLEY  VINTON. 

When  the  European  first  set  foot  upon  this  continent  he  found  a 
people  living  by  the  chase,  by  such  fruits  and  grain  as  were  the  spon- 
taneous production  of  the  soil  or  the  return  of  the  rudest  agriculture. 
Among  these  people  was  no  knowledge  of  mineral  wealth,  nor  did  they 
know  of  the  fashioning  of  metals.  It  was  only  when  the  adventurous 
searcher  for  gold  had  passed  the  western  slopes  that  he  found  the  highest 
civilization  of  the  continent.  In  Peru,  in  Central  Mexico,  and  in  that 
Northern  Mexico,  extending  from  what  is  now  Chihuahua  to  the  slopes 
of  the  Mogollon  mountains,  were  found  three  separate  peoples,  varying 
in  their  customs,  but  all  showing  the  highest  civilization.  Their  gov- 
ernment was  a  truer  socialism  than  has  ever  been  attained  by  any  of  the 
modern  peoples ;  and  their  actual  life,  considering  the  material  know- 
ledge of  the  time,  a  higher  and  purer  socialism  than  has  ever  been 
dreamed  of  by  Bellamy.  In  each  of  these  countries  the  cupidity  of  the 
Spaniard  saw  not  the  higlier  civilization  the  people  had  attained,  nor 
did  he  see  their  development  of  the  agricultural  resources  of  their  sev- 
eral countries,  but  only  the  riches  of  gold  and  silver  beyond  the  dreams 
of  the  wildest  of  the  adventurers.  Not  only  were  the  peoples  of  these 
countries  alike  in  their  government,  but  alike  the  agriculture  of  the 
lands  was  conducted  entirely  by  systems  of  irrigation.  Lying  in  the 
tropic  countries,  the  rain-fall  of  the  year  was  so  distributed  that  nature 
withheld  her  water  when  the  growing  crop  needed  it  most. 

They  were  further  alike  in  that  they  had  each  a  knowledge  of  the 
precious  metals  and  an  appreciation  of  their  value.      In  these  communi- 


36  "  THE    MINES    OF    THE    WEST " 

ties,  living  by  themselves,  isolated  from  the  world,  gold  and  silver  were 
known  as  the  precious  metals  just  as  in  those  lands  where  they  had 
already  become  the  symbols  of  value  and  the  medium  of  commerce. 

Of  the  three,  by  far  the  richest  in  natural  resources  was  that  North- 
ern Mexico,  of  which  the  better  part  came  to  us  in  1847.  It  was  from 
this  district  that  the  Spaniard  poured  the  golden  and  silver  flood  into 
the  Mother  Country  by  the  shipload,  making  her  the  richest  country  of 
the  earth. 

In  those  early  days  the  washing  and  separation  of  the  finer  gold  was 
unknown.  Their  methods  of  working  the  mineral  from  the  vein  were 
crude  and  slow.  The  gold  of  the  country  was  the  nugget  picked  up 
from  the  river  or  from  the  gravel  after  the  rain  had  exposed  it  to  view. 
But  the  ancients  only  scratched  the  surface ;  their  successors,  the  Jesuits, 
when  the  church  took  possession  of  all  this  mineral  wealth,  following 
further,  have  barely  opened  the  mines.  As  the  arid  desert  of  that  land 
yields  its  fruit  only  after  the  hand  of  man  has  changed  the  face  of 
nature,  equally  does  it  seem  that  nature  has  jealously  guarded  the  min- 
eral wealth  of  this  whole  country.  True  the  Aztecs,  and  following  them 
the  Jesuit  priests,  and  in  our  later  days  the  Indian,  had  gathered  fabulous 
wealth  from  the  surface.  On  Antelope  hill  four  prospectors,  stumbling 
on  to  an  unexplored  field  found  in  four  days  1,200  pounds  of  gold  on  the 
surface  of  the  ground.  True,  the  single  territory  of  Arizona  stands  to-day 
the  fifth  of  the  States  and  Territories  of  the  Union  in  its  production,  but 
the  vast  wealth  not  only  of  Arizona,  but  of  Chihuahua,  of  New  Mexico, 
and  of  that  whole  general  region  which  constituted  the  old  Northern 
Mexico,  lies  waiting  until  the  modern  skill  of  man  shall  attack  with  larger 
powers  the  obstacles  that  hold  her  wealth  from  our  grasp. 

In  modern  mining,  water  and  power  are  two  factors  which  must  be 
considered  equally  with  gold  or  silver.  The  richest  mines  of  this  coun- 
try lie  in  sections  remote  from  water  and  from  coal,  surrounded  by  the 
desert  where  timber  cannot  grow.  In  the  mountains  or  in  the  valley 
near-by  may  be  the  stream  which  will  furnish  the  water  and  the  power 
which  are  the  blood  and  life  of  the  mine. 

Under  such  circumstances  capital  must  be  called  upon.  Large  sums 
of  money  must  be  spent  in  the  preparation  for  the  work.      The  rivers 


LINDLEY  VINTON. 


37 


must  be  dammed  and  water  brought  down  for  hydraulic  mining  or 
carried  to  the  wheel,  and  the  power  carried  over  the  electric  wire  to  dig 
the  shafts  and  crush  the  ore.  The  mining  must  no  longer  be  the  work  of 
a  few  individuals  seeking  to  make  their  fortunes  from  nothing,  but  it 
must  become  like  manufacturing,  a  field  for  the  employment  of  capital,  in 
which  capital  shall  seek  not  a  speculative,  but  a  certain  return.  When 
these  problems  are  attacked  with  modern  skill  and  modern  means,  the 
power  which  yesterday  was  miles  from  the  mine  to-day  lies  at  its  mouth ; 
the  claim  which  the  ancients  abandoned  becomes  to-day  a  mine  of 
wealth. 

If  the  capital  of  the  East  and  the  men  with  modern  ideas  are  to  be 
interested  in  this  country,  they  must  know  that  the  government  is  to  be 
stable  and  honest.  The  character  of  the  people  who  are  now  going  into 
these  gardens  of  which  our  friends  have  told  you  to-night  and  the  char- 
acter of  our  honored  guest,  the  governor,  are  the  guarantee  that  Arizona 
will  be  a  state  where  honest  enterprise  will  be  welcomed  and  protected. 


LEGISLATION  FOR    THE    TERRITORIES:' 


Hon.  JOHN  DE  WITT  WARNER. 

I  am  pleased  to  be  assured  by  the  depth  at  which  I  find  my  toast 
buried  in  the  list  that  you  expect  very  little  legislation  for  Arizona  this 
evening.  I  am  especially  glad  of  this,  since  it  is  only  after  hearing 
those  who  preceded  me  that  I  have  appreciated  how  much  was  needed, 
the  appalling  total  being  hinted  at  in  the  concise  and  comprehensive 
suggestion  of  our  host  that  it  would  be  the  privilege  of  Congress  to  do 
whatever  nature  had  left  undone  to  perfect  Arizona  and  her  people. 

It  has  been  my  intention  to  deprecate  any  attempt  to  succeed  where 
Providence  had  failed.  But  the  remarks  of  the  distinguished  guests  from 
that  State  have  demonstrated  that  the  Arizona  question  has  a  silver  lin- 
ing, not  to  say  a  copper  bottom;  and  that  it  differs  from  that  other 
region,  which  from  all  eternity  has  clamored  for  irrigation,  in  that  it  has 
both  water  and  good  society.  And,  as  I  understand  it,  these  only  need 
to  be  introduced  to  each  other  to  make  the  desert  blossom  as  the  rose, 
bourgeon  like  the  bay  tree,  and  ripen  golden  apples  each  month — to  be 
served  up  in  pictures  of  silver  by  the  words,  fitly  spoken,  of  the  home- 
returning  Logan. 

It  is  our  theory  of  government — it  is  mine  at  any  rate — that  Con- 
gress should  interfere  as  little  as  possible  with  the  local  affairs  of  our 
citizens.  This  plan  has  two  great  recommendations — it  is  easier  for 
Congress ;  it  is  better  for  everybody  else.  It  is  applicable,  however, 
only  when  the  responsibility  can  be  thrown  on  other  shoulders,  and  the 
people  concerned  are  given  liberty  to  work  out  their  own  salvation  or 
irrigation,  as  the  case  may  be. 

The  case  of  the  territories,  however,  is  a  different  one.     Denying 


HON,  JOHN  DE  WITT  WARNER. 


39 


them  the  right  to  legislate  for  themselves,  we  are  bound  so  to  legislate  for 
them  as  to  justify  the  guardianship  we  retain,  and  to  give  a  good  example 
to  those  states  which  we  have  allowed  to  set  up  their  own  establishments. 
And,  therefore,  not  less  carefully  and  particularly  than  the  legislature  of 
a  sovereign  state  considers  the  wishes  and  provides  for  the  weal  of  its 
citizens,  is  Congress  bound  to  legislate  for  the  local  concerns  and  provide 
for  the  welfare  of  the  dwellers  in  our  territories. 

Don't  for  a  moment  consider  this  as  a  pledge.  It  is  about  the  last 
thing  I  expect  we  shall  do.  But  it  would  be  inexcusable  should  I  destroy 
the  unities  and  break  the  harmony  of  this  genial  gathering  by  sparing 
suggestions  of  philanthropy  and  statesmanship. 

And  I  can  assure  my  host  and  his  distinguished  guests  that  we  will 
courageously  tackle  the  great  work  of  aiding  them  to  do  all  that  has  been 
left  undone  for  Arizona;  and  that  we  will  approach  the  duty  in  the 
grateful  reverence  of  the  Cid,  who  was  wont,  as  you  will  recall,  when- 
ever a  particularly  desperate  encounter  was  before  him  to  drop  upon  his 
knees  and  thank  the  Almighty  that  he  had  been  thought  worthy  to  have 
so  great  a  job  reserved  for  him.  We  will  gladly  permit  her  to  borrow 
money  from  any  one  who  will  trust  her,  we  will  encourage  her  in  the  use 
of  all  the  water  she  can  find  by  climbing  or  digging,  until  in  the  crystal 
stream  which  shall  supersede  the  Arizona  cocktail  shall  be  washed  away 
those  visions  of  nameless  monsters,  the  reports  of  which  have  ruined  the 
reputation  of  the  Gila  pet ;  and  recalling  her  glorious  motto  of  '*  Sun- 
shine and  Silver' '  we  will  do  our  best  to  see  that  it  does  not  degenerate 
into  *' Silver  and  Moonshine." 


''  PROMOTING  AS  A  FINE  ART: 


BY 


SALTER  S.  CLARK. 


In  responding  to  this  sentiment,  I  feel  that  I  can  appreciate  the 
feelings  of  the  cashier  who  at  a  directors'  dinner  was  seriously  asked 
to  respond  to  ''  Larceny  in  the  first  degree."  Our  friend,  Gov.  Irwin, 
remarked  to  me  that  if  he  had  been  given  that  toast  he  would  have 
taken  the  first  train  home. 

Now  of  the  finesse  of  promoting  I  know  nothing  and  have  noth- 
ing to  say.  I  never  was  a  good  fisherman.  I  never  knew  whether 
stock  at  twenty-five  or  bonds  at  fifty  made  the  best  bait  for  flat  fish  — 
never  learned  the  difference  between  a  fly  and  a  flier — never  felt 
the  pull  of  the  hungry  but  gamey  investor.  I  have  left  all  these  things 
to  my  friend  Mr.  Vinton. 

But,  seriously,  I  think  we  sometimes  fail  to  do  full  justice  to  the 
promoter.  He  has  some  good  points.  By  promoters  I  do  not  mean  the 
thieves  who  assume  that  title.  There  are  thieves  in  every  trade  ;  and 
there  is  more  thieving  in  stock  after  success  than  during  its  promoted 
period.  Outside  of  the  thieves  there  are  of  course  promoters  and  pro- 
moters ;  but  I  am  referring  to  the  only  kind  I  have  come  in  close  contact 
with,  viz.,  the  kind  that  keeps  its  stock,  and  stays  in  until  the  end.  It 
is  appropriate  to  try  and  find  good  points  in  a  promoter  at  an  Arizona 
.dinner,  for  did  you  ever  see  a  man  from  Arizona  that  was  not  a  pro- 
moter ?     They  must  catch  it  from  their  air. 

In  one  of  the  recent  magazines  is  a  good  short  story,  by  I  forget 
whom,  in  which  there  figure  two  characters,  a  Spanish  Grandee  and  an 
American  Colonel.  The  former  is  represented  as  a  rich,  keen,  self-con- 
tained, entirely  sophisticated,  business  man,  who  has  come  to  New  York 


SALTER  S.    CLARK.  41 


on  business  connected  with  a  new  tramway  company,  which  is  to  lay  a 
tramway  in  some  city  of  Spain.  The  other  is  a  tall,  smooth,  plausible, 
talking  fellow,  somewhat  out  at  elbows,  whose  occupation  by  day  is  the 
selling  to  fools  of  worthless  shares  in  ridiculous  corporations,  and  by 
night  cheating  at  the  card-table.  The  Colonel  is  perhaps  the  popular, 
he  is  at  least  the  theatrical,  idea  of  the  promoter.  But  the  theatre  must 
have  strong  color,  and  therefore  frequently  gives  us  wrong  color.  Take 
the  book  agent.  Some  of  the  best,  ablest  and  most  modest  men  I  know, 
are  or  have  been  book  canvassers,  men  whom  it  is  a  pleasure  to  talk  with 
about  the  books  they  are  selling — men  whom  it  is  an  honor  to  know. 

In  the  first  place  the  promoter  is  a  man  the  world  cannot  do  with- 
out. We  honor  him  sufficiently  when  success  arrives,  why  not  before  ? 
Large  enterprises  are  the  boast  of  our  civilization.  Large  enterprises 
rest  upon  large  combinations  of  capital,  are  impossible  without.  But 
you  never  heard  of  such  an  enterprise  succeeding  without  the  services  of 
a  promoter.  Archimedes  with  his  lever  long  enough  could  move  the 
world,  but  no  matter  how  long  the  lever,  the  world  could  not  be  moved 
without  an  Archimedes  to  bring  the  parts  together  and  apply  the  power. 
Promoting  is  causing  things  to  move,  but  things  do  not  move  with- 
out a  mover ;  least  of  all  that  laziest  of  all  things,  money  in  the  bank. 

Columbus  going  from  one  king  to  another,  begging  the  investment 
of  a  small  sum  in  some  ships  in  which  to  sail  around  a  flat  world  was 
only  a  promoter.  Fulton,  Stephenson,  and  many  others  who  could  be 
named,  without  coming  to  the  living,  were  as  much  promoters  as  they 
were  inventors  ;  and  their  inventions  would  never  have  been  heard  of  if 
it  had  not  been  for  their  promoting  efforts.  A  promoter  is  a  proselyter, 
a  preacher.  St.  Paul  was  one  of  the  greatest  promoters,  and  not  at  all  a 
modest  one.  I  have  seen  preachers  who  were  as  anxious  for  their  own 
promotion  as  for  the  spread  of  the  Gospel.  i*4to«irt, 

Again  the  promoters  give  to  the  world  its  most  vivid  and  useful 
example  of  energy  and  perseverance.  Have  you  ever  tried  to  float  a  new 
company  ?  Have  you  ever  tried  to  put  value  into  strips  of  paper  you 
have  printed  yourself?  Do  you  know  how  near  to  the  edge  of  failure 
the  most  meritorious  enterprise  may  come,  and  how  long  it  may  stay 
there  ?     I  have  some  friends  who  have  done  it  with  a  Mexican   mine. 


PROMOTING  AS  A  FINE  ART. 


The  faith  and  energy  that  move  mountains  is  not  enough  to  keep  inves- 
tors moving.     And  usually  it  all  depends  on  the  energy  of  one  man. 

Another  respect  in  which  the  popular  idea  is  wrong  is  that  the  pro- 
moters' stock  in  trade  must  be  lies  and  lies,  and  nothing  else.  Honesty 
in  prospectuses,  truth  in  reports,  sincerity,  simplicity — they  are  plain 
old  things,  but  I  am  convinced  that  they  are  the  best  stock  in  trade  for 
the  promoter.  Perhaps  there  are  those  who  have  not  ascended  to  that 
higher  sphere  of  promoting — but  I  have  seen  it  tried,  and  I  am  con- 
vinced that,  whether  there  is  any  other  or  not,  this  is  a  trade  in  which 
honesty  is  really  the  best  policy. 

But  of  all  places,  Arizona  must  have  naught  to  say  against  promo- 
ters. When  "Arizona  As  It  Is"  shall  have  become  "Arizona  As  It 
Will  Be,"  let  us  hope  that  her  promoters,  her  missionaries  to  the  East, 
to  whom  she  will  owe  it  all,  will  get  their  due  in  honor  and  substance. 
And  I  do  not  fear  about  the  latter,  for  I  believe  the  promoter  usually 
sees  to  that  himself,  often  in  advance. 


BEAR     VALLEY.'' 


CHARLES   N.  JUDSON. 

Two  things  make  Bear  Valley,  in  Southern  California,  worthy  of 
attention.  The  first  is  its  peculiar  character  as  an  engineering  enterprise, 
and  second  is  its  immediate  connection  with  the  successful  working  out 
of  the  irrigation  problem. 

Bear  Valley  is  situated  in  the  San  Bernardino  Mountains,  some 
twelve  miles  as  the  crow  flies  from  Colton  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, and  some  fifty  miles  in  a  direct  line  from  the  port  of  San  Diego  on 
the  Pacific.  It  forms  the  head  waters  of  the  Santa  Anna  River,  which, 
debouching  from  the  mountain  range  upon  the  head  of  the  San  Bernar- 
dino Valley,  runs  (or  would  run,  if  it  were  not  used  up  in  irrigation)  in 
a  somewhat  irregular  course  to  the  ocean.  Until  within  the  past  decade 
this  San  Bernardino  Valley  contained  a  somewhat  limited  area  of  irri- 
gated lands,  watered  by  the  Santa  Anna  River.  It  will  be  readily  under- 
stood that  the  natural  flow  of  this  river  is  very  much  reduced  in  the  dry 
season,  and  that  the  largest  amount  of  land  capable  of  being  irrigated  is 
measured  by  the  largest  amount  of  water  at  the  minimum  flow.  So  that 
the  acreage  of  tillable  land  was  small  and  of  inconsiderable  importance 
in  the  great  fruit-producing  state. 

A  New-Iiaven-educated  boy  conceived  the  idea  that  the  waters  of 
the  Santa  Anna  River  might  be  stored  at  its  source  in  the  winter,  the 
time  of  flood,  and  let  loose  to  do  the  business  of  irrigation  when  needed. 
He  constructed  a  dam  at  the  most  available  place  in  the  mountains. 
This  dam  was  built  upon  the  theory  that  the  pressure  of  water  upon  a 
dam  might  be  met  just  as  a  bridge  is  supported  by  an  arch  upon  its  piers ; 
and  so  it  was  built.     Experienced  men  doubted  the  success  of  the  plan, 


44  "  BEAR     VALLE  V. 


but  events  have  shown  that  it  was  not  ill-conceived ;  and  the  result  has 
been  that,  by  means  of  gates,  flumes,  and  pipes,  sufficient  water  has  been 
stored  and  properly  distributed  to  irrigate  thousands  of  acres  where 
before  only  hundreds  had  been  irrigated. 

The  value  of  this  irrigation  is  well  brought  out  by  the  history  of  a 
litigation  before  the  United  States  Land  Office.  Early  in  the  eighties, 
one  E.  G.  had  pre-empted  land  under  the  Homestead  Act  (i6o  acres  in 
the  Valley).  This  land  at  that  time  appeared  to  be  substantially  valueless. 
At  any  rate,  so  much  so  that  no  man  had  previously  thought  it  worth 
while  to  pre-empt.  E.  G.  was  a  bachelor,  and  while  he  was  obliged  to 
live  on  his  claim,  /.  e.,  have  a  house,  furniture,  and  sleep  there,  he 
needed  somebody  to  cook  for  him,  and  so  boarded  at  the  only  other 
house  within  several  miles.  At  that  time  the  irrigation  scheme  had 
just  begun  to  bud  in  the  minds  of  E.  G.  and  his  fellow-adventurers. 
The  land  in  the  neighborhood  had  given  no  more  signs  of  its  possible 
future  than  Coney  Island  20  years  ago;  and  other  than  E.  G.'s  shanty 
and  his  plowed  field,  and  his  boarding  house,  there  wasn't  a  sign  of 
domestic  life,  or  agriculture,  or  of  commerce  for  several  miles.  But 
a  little  water  thrown  upon  the  land  demonstrated  its  possibilities,  and 
awakened  envious  thoughts.  So  one  fine  day  an  adventurous  nomad 
proceeded  to  ''jump"  E.  G.'s  claim,  t.  e.,  to  locate  upon  it  himself, 
under  the  claim  that  E.  G.  was  not  a  bona-fide  homesteader.  Hence, 
arose  a  dispute  in  the  Land  Office  which,  after  the  ordinary  methods  of 
litigation,  consumed  several  years  in  its  march  and  finally  reached  the 
Commissioner,  who  decided  against  E.  G.,  substantially  on  the  ground 
that  the  Homestead  Act  was  not  intended  to  allow  city  lots  to  be  taken 
up  as  homesteads.  In  other  words,  in  the  three  or  four  years  which  had 
intervened  between  the  original  pre-emption  of  E.  G.  and  the  decision  of 
the  Land  Office,  the  irrigated  county  had  grown  so  fast  and  had  become 
so  valuable  that  what  was  originally  considered  not  worth  taking,  was 
worth  from  $500  to  $1,000  an  acre.  This  tract  is  now  in  the  centre  of 
the  City  of  Redlands.  To  speak  more  precisely  in  years,  in  1878-9 
there  was  not  a  house  upon  this  tract ;  in  189 1  the  Citrograph,  a  weekly 
paper  published  at  Redlands,  reports  the  number  of  scholars  attending 
school  from  that  district  alone  as  upwards  of  four  hundred.     It  may  be 


CHARLES   N.   JUDSON.  45 

said  here  that  the  Land  Office  finally  reversed  itself  on  the  further  show- 
ing, that  at  the  time  E.  G.  pre-empted  the  land  in  question  there  was  no 
city  about  it,  and  that  the  place  had  in  the  intervening  time  simply  made 
a  phenomenal  growth. 

To  sum  up  the  matter,  and  to  show  what  irrigation  can  accomplish, 
it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  upon  a  tract  of  land  utterly  without  inhabitants, 
without  a  single  building,  and  without  apparent  capacity  to  produce  even 
the  cactus,  there  has  in  ten  years  grown  to  be  a  city  of  more  than  five 
thousand  people,  and  land  which  was  then  worth  nothing,  or  at  most  a 
dollar  or  two  an  acre,  is  now  worth  from  one  to  two  thousand  dollars. 

The  deduction  from  all  this  is  plain  :  If  the  capacities  of  Arizona 
and  its  irrigating  facilities  can  in  any  way  be  compared  with  those  of 
Southern  California  and  Bear  Valley,  all  that  has  been  said  about  it  by 
its  governor  and  the  brother  of  our  host  is  not  one  word  too  much. 


THE  GILA  monster: 


Prof.  GEORGE  A.  TREADWELL. 


You  have  heard  enough  of  the  beauties  of  Arizona.  Let  me  cool 
you  off  with  one  of  the  horrors. 

The  Gila  Monster  {heloderma  horridutn)  is  a  lizard,  and  belongs  to  a 
very  old  family,  being  one  of  the  Saurian  tribe  of  the  Jurassic  period,  a 
race  fast  becoming  extinct.  Neglected  in  the  deserts  of  Arizona,  he  first 
became  known  some  years  ago  when  I  had  the  pleasure  of  introducing 
him  to  the  scientific  world.  Like  other  members  of  old  and  neglected 
families  his  juice  has  grown  sour  with  age  ;  he  is  the  only  member  of  the 
lizard  tribe  which  is  poisonous. 

The  Gila  Monster  usually  grows  to  fifteen  or  eighteen  inches  in 
length  and  three  inches  across  the  back,  weighing  from  five  to  seven 
pounds.  The  head  resembles  that  of  a  large  snake,  while  the  body  is 
puffed  out  into  a  big  pouch  which  touches  the  ground  even  when  the 
animal  is  standing  erect  on  its  four  black  legs,  that  measure  about  four 
inches  in  height.  The  tail  is  from  five  to  seven  inches  in  length  and 
about  one  and  one-half  inches  in  diameter,  being  the  same  size  through- 
out and  terminating  abruptly. 

The  color  of  our  pleasant  little  friend  is  like  that  of  the  rattlesnake, 
black  figured  on  yellow.  The  entire  body  is  covered  with  a  very  hard, 
bead-like  scale,  and  the  eyes  look  just  like  jet  black  beads.  The  mouth 
is  large  and  strong  and  black ;  having  a  tongue  of  the  same  hue,  flat 
and  forked.  The  teeth,  set  not  very  close  together,  are  about  half  an 
inch  in  length,  very  slim  and  sharp,  and  having  curious  fissures,  at  the 
base  of  which  there  are  small  dents  or  openings  from  which  the  saliva 
flows. 


PROF,    GEORGE    A.    TREADWELL.  47 

Its  motions  are  slow  and  sluggish  ;  in  this  respect  differing  entirely 
from  the  lizard  tribe  in  general.  It  is  a  slow  traveller,  and  drags  its 
heavy  tail,  leaving  a  trail,  which  in  a  sandy  soil  is  easy  to  follow  along 
the  ground  to  its  hiding  place,  usually  under  a  low  bush.  If  you  feel 
so  inclined,  you  can  easily  and  safely  capture  it,  by  quickly  seizing  it 
by  the  neck,  as  it  cannot  turn  its  head  far  enough  to  bite  a  handy 
gripper. 

Many  have  concluded  from  its  sluggishness  that  it  is  harmless,  but 
this  is  a  mistake.  Sometimes  it  is  not  easily  provoked  ;  but  at  other 
times  it  is  extremely  irritable ;  and  often  when  enraged  it  will  attack 
everything  within  its  reach,  hanging  on  with  a  vice-like  grip.  When 
alarmed,  the  reptile  opens  its  mouth  and  darts  out  its  forked  tongue  as  a 
snake  does,  hissing  like  a  goose. 

But  the  interest  in  the  Heloderma  centres  in  the  poison  that  is 
supposed  to  lurk  in  its  bite ;  and  perhaps  no  animal  has  given  rise  to  so 
many  weird  and  wholly  imaginary  stories.  The  Mexicans  and  Indians  go 
so  far  as  to  believe  its  breath  to  be  virulent,  but  scientific  experiment  has 
so  far  failed  to  substantiate  this.  There  is  no  doubt,  however,  about 
the  poisonous  quality  of  its  peculiar  blackish  saliva.  Drs.  Mitchell  and 
Reichert  of  Philadelphia  injected  a  minute  quantity  into  a  live  pigeon, 
which  died  in  nine  minutes.  A  frog,  bitten  by  a  Gila  Monster  which  I 
had  sent  to  Sir  John  Lubbock,  the  banker-naturalist  of  London,  in  1882, 
died  in  convulsions  in  a  few  minutes.  This  specimen,  which  was  the  first 
live  specimen  ever  in  Europe,  may  have  been  a  little  hungry,  for  he  had 
made  the  journey  to  London  in  a  tin  box,  eating  nothing  for  a  month. 
He  is  now  in  the  London  Zoo.  In  1887  a  man  was  bitten  at  Fairbank, 
Ariz. ,  but,  in  spite  of  speedy  medical  aid,  died  the  following  day.  And 
yet  poisoning  does  not  always  follow  the  bite.  My  friend.  Prof.  W.  E. 
D.  Scott,  had  one  as  a  pet  in  his  family,  until  the  pet  bit  the  maid,  as 
she  was  feeding  him  with  raw  ^gg^ — the  only  food, the  animal  will  take 
from  the  hand  of  man.     I  believe  she  still  exists,  however. 

The  poison  of  the  Heloderma  is  alkaline ;  that  of  snakes  acidulous. 
Their  physiological  action  differs  also,  the  former  attacking  the  heart, 
slowly  contracting  and  paralyzing  it,  the  latter  paralyzing  the  respira- 
tory centres. 


48 


«  THE    GILA    MONSTER. 


Perhaps  the  addition  of  some  Gila  Monster  poison  to  the  Arizona 
cocktail  could  not  have  increased  the  peculiar  zest  of  that  combination, 
as  we  have  tested  it  to-night ;  but  I  assure  you  scientifically  that  it  would 
have  rendered  us  **  all  petrified,  gentlemen — all  petrified." 

I  beg  your  pardon,  gentlemen,  for  attempting  any  serious  remarks 
on  such  an  occasion  as  this. 


^ 


